大麻素

大麻素(英語:Cannabinoids),又称大麻类物质,是从大麻裡发现的一组化合物,也自然地存在于动物神经免疫系统裡。大麻素的外延包括结构上与四氢大麻酚(Tetrahydrocannabinol,THC)相关或与大麻素受体结合的一组物质。

大麻素受體

在1980年代發現了第一個大麻素受體。這些受體常見於動物中,並且已經在哺乳動物,鳥,魚和爬行動物中發現。目前有兩種已知的大麻素受體類型,稱為CB1和CB2。人類大腦中有比任何其他G蛋白偶聯受體(GPCR)類型具有更多的大麻素受體。

大麻素I型受體

CB1受體主要存在於腦中,更具體地的說存在於基底神經節和邊緣系統,包括海馬中。

大麻素II型受體

CB2受體主要存在於免疫系統,或免疫源性細胞中,在脾臟中密度最大。

醫療用途

  • 癲癇(可以有效控制許多其他藥物難以控制的癲癇,而且副作用低)
  • 精神疾病(但使用大麻亦可能造成精神疾病)
  • 慢性疼痛
  • 止吐
  • 安寧治療

可能潛力

  • 肺癌預防及治療
  • 配合嗎啡合併使用,可以增加嗎啡的鎮痛效果[1]

植物大麻素

(英語:phytocannabinoids

內源性大麻素

(英語:endocannabinoids

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Xiaohong Chen; Alan Cowan; Saadet Inan; Ellen B. Geller; Joseph J. Meissler; Scott M. Rawls; Ronald J. Tallarida; Christopher S. Tallarida; Mia N. Watson; Martin W. Adler; Toby K. Eisenstein. Opioid‐sparing effects of cannabinoids on morphine analgesia: participation of CB1 and CB2 receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2019, 176 (17): 3378–3389. doi:10.1111/bph.14769. 

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