人間宣言

日語寫法
日語原文人間宣言
假名にんげんせんげん
平文式罗马字Ningen Sengen

人间宣言》是日本昭和天皇於1946年1月1日发表的诏书關於新日本建設的詔書》之通稱。日語「人間」意即人類。诏书后半部分否定了天皇做為“现代人世间的”的地位,宣告天皇也是仅具有人性的普通人,从某种意义上减弱了长久以来存在日本国民心中的忠君思想。

诏书梗概

1946年元旦,昭和天皇对全日本做新年演说。因为1946年是第二次世界大战結束后第一年,诏书的内容大致是日本的战后建设发展相关的一些内容。其官方全名为「新年ニ當リ誓ヲ新ニシテ國運ヲ開カント欲ス國民ハ朕ト心ヲ一ニシテ此ノ大業ヲ成就センコトヲ庶幾フ」,通称「新日本建設ニ関スル詔書」(关于新日本建设的诏书)。该诏书總字數1,000字,其中100余字提到了否认天皇是神,因此该诏书又称「人間宣言」。然而,人間宣言雖然否定了“天皇是神”,但字面上并没有否定“天皇和日本国民的祖先是日本神话中的神”,也没有否定過去历代天皇的神格或废止相应的神圣仪式。

内容

所谓“人间宣言”的内容在诏书中只占很小一部分,如下。

朕ト爾等国民トノ間ノ紐帯ハ、終始相互ノ信頼ト敬愛トニ依リテ結バレ、単ナル神話ト伝説トニ依リテ生ゼルモノニ非ズ。天皇ヲ以テ現御神トシ、且日本国民ヲ以テ他ノ民族ニ優越セル民族ニシテ、延テ世界ヲ支配スベキ運命ヲ有ストノ架空ナル観念ニ基クモノニモ非ズ
— 新日本建設に関する詔書より抜粋

翻译:

朕与尔等国民之间的纽带,始终由互相之信赖和敬爱所结成,而非單依神话和传说而生;也不是基于“认为天皇是现世神,同时日本國民比其他民族更加优越,从而应当享有控制世界的命运”这种虚幻的概念。
— 《关于新日本建设的诏书》节选

参见

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