Kunta Kinteh Adası

James Adası
UNESCO Dünya Mirası
Konum Gambiya
KriterKültürel: iii, vi
Referans[[1] 761[1]]
Tescil2003 (27. oturum)
BölgeAfrika
Koordinatlar13°18′58″K 16°21′21″B / 13.31611°K 16.35583°B / 13.31611; -16.35583

James Adası, Gambiya'da Gambiya Nehri'nin okyanusa döküldüğü açıklıkta bulunan tarihi bir adadır. Ada, James Kalesi olarak da bilinen bir kale içerir.

Tarih

Bölgedeki ilk Avrupalı yerleşimciler, Baltık Almanlarından olan Kurlandiya ve Semigalya Dükalığı'ydı. Bölgedeki bu yerleşimciler, adayı St. Andrews Adası olarak adlandırdı. İngilizlerin yöreye gelişiyle beraber yerleşimciler Kurlandiya dükü Jacob Kettler'ın adına Jacob adında bir kale inşa ettiler ve burayı bir ticaret merkezi olarak kullandılar. 1659 yılında adayı Hollanda aldı. İki yıl sonra 1661'de de burayı İngiltere aldı. 1664'te ise tüm bölge İngiltere'nin oldu.

1755'te ada krokisi

İngilizler, adanın ismini “James Adası” olarak değiştirdi ve York Dükü James adına kaleyi “James Kalesi” olarak değiştirdi. Aynı dük sonrasında II. James olarak İngiltere kralı oldu. Bu kale fildişi ve altın ticaretinde önemli bir yer elde etti. Sonrasında ise bölge köle ticaretinde kullanıldı. 1684'te Kraliyet Afrika Birliği bölgede egemen oldu.

1695 yılında ise Fransızlar burayı kuşattı. İngilizlerle yapılan savaşların ardından yenilen Fransa, geri döndü ve 1697'de dönen ordular, 1702'de bölgeyi tekrar kuşattı. Bu dönemde kale yıkıldı ve tekrar tekrar inşa edildi. 13 Haziran 1750'de Afrika'da ticaretle uğraşan tüccarlar Gambiya'nın yönetimini ele geçirdi. 25 Mayıs 1765 - 11 Şubat 1779 döneminde Gambiya, İngiliz Senegambiyası'nın parçası oldu.

Miras

Önemli bir tarihi bölge olan James Adası, Amerika'ya giden köle ticareti yollarında kullanılan köleleri barındırmaktaydı. Ada, günümüzde çevresiyle beraber UNESCO'nun Dünya Mirası listesindedir. Ancak ada günümüzde erozyona maruz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle eski büyüklüğünün altıda biri kadardır. Adada yıkıntıların yanında sadece bir dalgakıran ve birkaç baobab ağacı bulunmaktadır.[2] Yine Kunta Kinte adlı ünlü köle karakter, bu adadan alıkonmuştur.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ 1 http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761 24 Aralık 2018 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
  2. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya" (PDF). 19 Eylül 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2009. 

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