Konstantinopolis Kuşatması (1422)

Konstantinopolis Kuşatması
Osmanlı Devleti kuruluş dönemi ve Bizans-Osmanlı savaşları

Cristoforo Buondelmonti'ye ait Liber insularum Archipelagi'nin Marciana Millî Kütüphanesi'nde yer alan ve 1420'ler ile 1430'lar civarına tarihlenen kopyasındaki Konstantinopolis ile Galata haritası
Tarih1422
Bölge
Konstantinopolis
Sonuç Bizans zaferi
Taraflar
Bizans İmparatorluğu Osmanlı İmparatorluğu
Komutanlar ve liderler
VIII. İoannis ve fiilen emekli babası yardımcı imparator II. Manuil ile. II. Murat
Güçler
Bilinmiyor Bilinmiyor
Kayıplar
Bilinmiyor Bilinmiyor

Konstantinopolis'in ilk tam teşekküllü Osmanlı kuşatması, Bizans İmparatoru II. Manuil'un Osmanlı Padişahı I. Mehmet'in 1421 yılında ölümü üzerine Osmanlı Sultanlarının ardıllık işlerini karıştırmak üzere araya girmesinin bir sonucu olarak 1422 yılında meydana gelmiştir. Bu politika Bizanslılar tarafından komşularını zayıflatmak için başarıyla uygulanıyordu.

II. Murat kazanan ardıl olarak ortaya çıktığında, Bizans topraklarına sefere çıktı. Türkler ilk defa 1422 yılındaki kuşatmada "Falconet" adı verilen kısa fakat geniş olan topu kullanarak kendi toplarını edinmişlerdi.[1] İki taraf da teknolojik bakımdan tamamen birbirine eşitti ve Türkler "bombardıman taşlarını almak için" barikat kurmak zorunda kalmışlardı.[1]

Bizans savunucuları savaşı kazandı. Çağdaş Bizans ve Osmanlı geleneği Konstantinopolis'in kurtuluşunu Theotokos tarafından bir mucizevi araya girişe bağladı.

Sonuç

Bizans zaferine rağmen, imparatorluk bu defa ekonomik sorunlarla yüz yüzeydi ve II. Pius Avrupa krallıklarından top yardımını hibe anlamında ilerletti. Hiçbir yeni top 1422 yılı kuşatmasından sonra Avrupa devletlerinden hediye değildi ve bundan başka Bizans toplarına hiçbir diğer ilerleme yapılmadı.[1] Bundan dolayı, Sonraki Osmanlı lideri, II. Mehmet, 1453 yılında Konstantinopolis'in fethinde daha çok başarılı olacaktı.

Gelenekler

Geleneksel sonuçlar, (çağdaş Bizans ve Osmanlı raporlarıyla başlayan) kuşatmanın kaldırılmasını şehrin duvarları üzerindeki Theotokos'un hayaletine bağlar. Bu şehri savunanları çokça etkiler.[1] İoannis Kananos kayıtlarda şöyle der:

“ Romalılar, yorgunluktan bitip tükenmelerine rağmen, zıplayıp, sıçradılar ve memnundular… İlahi okuyarak Meryem Ana'yı kalplerinin derinliklerinden yücelterek bağırıyorlardı. „

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b c d Stephen Turnbull, The Walls of Constantinople, AD 324–1453 27 Eylül 2007 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-759-X.

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