Azerilerin Ermenistan'dan sürgün edilmesi

Azerilerin Ermenistan'dan sürgün edilmesi, 20. yüzyıl boyunca zorla yerinden etme ve etnik temizlik eylemi olarak gerçekleşmiştir.[1][2][3][4][5] Ekim Devrimi öncesinde, Azeriler Erivan nüfusunun yüzde 43'ünü oluşturuyordu.[6] Tatar (diğer bir deyişle Azeri) nüfusu, 20. yüzyılda Ermenistan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti topraklarından ve daha sonra Ermenistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti'nden birkaç kez zorla göç sürecine katıldı.[7] Stalin'in politikaları altında, 1948'de Ermenistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti'nden yaklaşık 100.000 Azeri sınır dışı edildi.[6] Onların evleri daha sonra Sovyetler Birliği'ne yurt dışından gelen Ermeni göçmenler tarafından işgal edildi.[8][9]

Arka Planı

Tarihçilere ve araştırmacılara göre, Azerbaycanlıların bugünkü Ermenistan'dan etnik temizliğe uğramasının ve sınır dışı edilmesinin temel nedeni, bölgenin ve ülkenin ulusal yapısını değiştirmekti.[10][11][12]

Kronoloji

Azerbaycanlıların Ermenistan'dan (Batı Azerbaycan'dan) tehciri 18. yüzyılda başladı. Azerbaycanlıların ve genel olarak Müslümanların Batı Azerbaycan'dan tehciri üç aşamada gerçekleştirildi:

  • İlk aşama 1905–1920
  • İkinci aşama 1948–1953 [13][14]
  • Üçüncü aşama 1988-1992

Bu süreçlerde Ermeniler Batı Azerbaycan'da yüzlerce Azerbaycan yerleşimini yıktı. 30.000 kadar evi yakıp yıktı. Aralarında yaşlı, çocuk ve kadınların da bulunduğu 140.000 kişiyi vahşice katletti ve 750.000'den fazla Azerbaycanlıyı Batı Azerbaycan'dan kovdular. 1988'deki son tehcirde 220.000'den fazla Azeri, Ermeni vahşiliğine dayanamadıkları için anavatanlarını terk etti. Bundan sonra Ermeniler, Batı Azerbaycan'da Azerilerin izini kaybetmek için mezarlıkları, tarihi ve kültürel anıtları, dini kurumları, okulları, hastaneleri ve diğer binaları tahrip ettiler. Ermenilerin Batı Azerbaycan'da sadece 1988'den beri tahrip ettiği Azerbaycan mezarlığı sayısı 2.000'den fazladır. Ermeniler tarihsel olarak Azerbaycanlıları ve Türkleri öldürürken bu gerçekler gizlenmiş ve dünya toplumu bu konuları görmezden gelmiştir.

Azerbaycanlıların Ermenistan'dan toplu sürgünü esas olarak Stalin'in emriyle 1948-1953 yıllarında gerçekleştirimiştir. Kırım Tatarları,Çeçenler ve diğer halklara yapılanların nedeni Almanlarla işbirliği yapmaları olarak gösterilse de Azerbaycanlılara yapılanlar için aynısı geçerli değildir. Bu olay için böyle bir neden gösterilmemektedir. Açıkça bu tehcirin tek nedeni bu insanların Azerbaycanlı olmalarıdır.

Diğer baskı altındaki halklar yaşadıkları tüm topraklardan sürgün edilmiştir ancak Azerbaycanlılar sadece Ermenistan'ı "temizlemek" amacıyla Ermenistan'dan sürgün edilmiştir. O dönem Ermenistan'ın tüm yer adlarının temizlenmesine karar verilmiştir. SSCB Bakanlar Kurulunun sayısız emriyle 2.000'den fazla isim değiştirilmiştir. Ancak Sovyet dönemi Ermenistan'ı tamamen temizlemeye yetmemiştir. Ermenistan yetkililerinden Manuk Vardanyan'a göre, ülkedeki Türkçe kökenli tüm kelimelerin değişimi 2007'de sona erebilir.[15]

Yirminci yüzyılda Doğu Ermenistan'da yüzyıllardır yaşayan Azerbaycanlılar, sosyal alanda ezilen ve ayrımcılığa uğrayan davetsiz misafirler haline getirilmişlerdir. Ermeniler kendi çıkarları için ellerinde bulunan gücü bu insanlara karşı vahşice kullanmıştır. 1918-1920 yıllarında Zengezur'dan on binlerce Azerbaycanlı kovulmuştur. 1940'larda on binlerce Azerbaycanlı daha Ermenilerin yer kazanması için Azerbaycan'a sürgün edilmiştir. 1988-1989'daki son etnik temizlik sırasında hayatta kalanlar ise kovulmuşlardır.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]

Fransa, Romanya, Azerbaycan, Türkiye, Ukrayna ve İtalya parlamenterleri tarafından imzalanan Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenterler Meclisinin (AKPM) kararına göre, "Büyük Ermenistan'ın yaratılmasına yönelik yapılan Azerbaycan nüfusunun zorunlu tehcir edilmesi, yüz yıldan fazla bir süredir sürmektedir.[30]

• 1947- Sovyetler Birliği'nin Bakanlar Konseyi'nin Ermenistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti'nden Azerbaycan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti'ne Azerilerin yeniden yerleşimi konusundaki kararları • 1947-1950 - Ermeni SSC'den Azerilerin tahliyesi • Kasım 1987 - Ermenistan'ın Gafan ilçesinde Azerilere yönelik saldırı • 25 Ocak 1988 - Azerilerin Ermenistan'ın Gafan bölgesinden uzaklaştırılması • 21 Şubat 1988 - Erivan'da kitlesel gösteriler • Kasım 1988 - Azerilerin Ermenistan'dan toplu olarak sürülmesi[31]

Ermenistan'da Azerilerin sayısı

1926 1939 1959 1970 1979 1989 2001
Azeriler (kişi sayısı ve yüzdesi
Ermenistan nüfusunun içinde)
84,705 (9.6%) 130,896 (10.2%) 107,748 (6.1%) 148,189 (5.9%) 160,841 (5.2%) 84,860 (2.5%) 29 (0.0%)

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ ""Черный сад": Глава 5. Ереван. Тайны Востока". BBC Russia. 8 Temmuz 2005. 19 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Eylül 2011. 
  2. ^ dewaal 1996.
  3. ^ Lowell W. Barrington (2006). After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial & Postcommunist States. ABD: University of Michigan Press. ss. In late 1988, the entire Azerbaijani population (including Muslim Kurds) — some 167000 people — was kicked out of the Armenian SSR. In the process, dozens of people died due to isolated Armenian attacks and adverse conditions. This population transfer was partially in response to Armenians being forced out of Azerbaijan, but it was also the last phase of the gradual homogenization of the republic under Soviet rule. The population transfer was the latest, and not so "gentle," episode of ethnic cleansing that increased Armenia’s homogenization from 90 percent to 98 percent. Nationalists, in collaboration with the Armenian state authorities, were responsible for this exodus. ISBN 0-472-06898-9. 
  4. ^ A second reason for Armenian unity and coherence was the fact that progressively through the seventy years of Soviet power, the republic grew more Armenian in population until it became the most ethnically homogeneous republic in the USSR. On several occasions local Muslims were removed from its territory and Armenians from neighboring republics settled in Armenia. The nearly 200,000 Azerbaijanis who lived in Soviet Armenia in the early 1980s either left or were expelled from the republic in 1988-89, largely without bloodshed. The result was a mass of refugees flooding into Azerbaijan, many of them becoming the most radical opponents of Armenians in Azerbaijan.Ronald Grigor Suny (Kış 1999–2000). Provisional Stabilities: The Politics of Identities in Post-Soviet Eurasia. International Security. Vol 24, No. 3. ss. 139-178. 
  5. ^ Thomas Ambrosio (2001). Irredentism: ethnic conflict and international politics. ABD: Greenwood Publishing Group. s. 160. ISBN 0-275-97260-7. 7 Temmuz 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Eylül 2011. 
  6. ^ a b Lenore A. Grenoble. Language Policy in the Soviet Union. 27 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Springer: 2003, p.135 1402012985

    Prior to the Revolution, Azerbaijanis had made up 43 percent of the population of Erevan, but approximately 100,000 were deported from the Armenian SSR in 1948 (Dragadze 1990:166–7).
  7. ^ Bloxham, Donald (2005). The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199226887.  p=103-105
  8. ^ Burdett, A.L.P. (1998). Slavic & Balkan Titles: Armenia: Political And Ethnic Boundaries - 1878–1948. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781852079550. 17 Eylül 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 27 Mart 2018. , s. 102
  9. ^ - Н. А. Добронравин, профессор, доктор филологических наук 1 Haziran 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.: Около 53 тыс. азербайджанцев оказались переселены из Армении, в основном из горных районов, в Кура-Араксинскую низменность Азербайджана, где быстро развивалось хлопководство. Освободившиеся дома заселяли армяне, переехавшие в Советский Союз из-за рубежа. — Page 334
  10. ^ Members of Perlamentary Assembly of Council of Europe, HUSEYNOV, Rafael, Azerbaijan, ALDE;AÇIKGÖZ Ruhi, Turkey, EDG; ÇAVUSOĞLU, Mevlüt, Turkey, EDG; GOULET, Daniel, France, ALDE(Sénateur – Sénat France – Palais du Luxembourg, 15 rue de Vaugirard – 75291 – Paris cedex 06 – Tel: + 33 (0)1 42 34 29 26 – Fax: + 33 (0)1 42 34 40 84 – E-mail: [email protected]); HAJIYEV, Sabir, Azerbaijan, SOC; IBRAHIMLI, Fazail, Azerbaijan, ALDE; ILASCU, Ilie, Romania, NRI; ILICALI, Mustafa, Turkey, EPP/CD; ĐNCEKARA, Halide, Turkey, EPP/CD; MIRZAZADA, Aydin, Azerbaijan, EDG; PROVERA, Fiorello, Italy, ALDE; RAKHANSKY, Anatoliy, Ukraine, UEL; RIGONI, Andrea, Italy, EPP/CD; SEYIDOV, Samad, Azerbaijan, EDG;TEKELĐOĞLU, Mehmet, Turkey, EPP/CD, "The Armenian policy of ethnic cleansing against Azerbaijanis", http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc06/EDOC10990.pdf 30 Temmuz 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., Mr. Rafael Huseynov, Parlamentary of PACE, Council of Europe, 2006, səh. 1–2: "Nowadays, this country-invader and the Armenian lobby being its supporter with their prime goal to "create Great Armenia from sea to sea" are a serious threat not only for Azerbaijan but for a number of other countries as well. Having their secret and open activities aimed at the creation of "small Armenia states" in several countries of their compact living by using separatism, ethnic cleansing and terrorism the "Armenianism" can only be stopped by means of common efforts"
  11. ^ http://homepages.cae.wisc.edu/~dwilson/Armenia/justin.html 26 Şubat 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Armenian-Turkish Conflict, Speech given by Dr. Justin McCarthy at the Turkish Grand National Assembly, March 24, 2005: Sitat: The plan of the Armenian Nationalists has not changed in more than 100 years. It is to create an Armenia in Eastern Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus, regardless of the wishes of the people who live there… The map you see is based on the program of the Dashnak Party and the Armenian Republic. It shows what the Armenian Nationalists claim. The population of the new "Armenia" would be less than one-fourth Armenian at best. Could such a state long exist? Yes, it could exist, but only if the Turks were expelled. That was the policy of the Armenian Nationalists in 1915. It would be their policy tomorrow.
  12. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/in_depth/newsid_4664000/4664621.stm 19 Haziran 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Tomas de Vaal. "Qara bağ".
  13. ^ A.L.P. Burdett, Historical Overview, Armenia: Political And Ethnic Boundaries 1878–1948, http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=19 17 Eylül 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Şablon:Vebarxiv, A.L.P. Burdett, Cambridge Univercity, 1998.
  14. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20090730201136/http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc06/EDOC10990.pdf в тексте полностью описано
  15. ^ http://homepages.cae.wisc.edu/~dwilson/Armenia/justin.html 26 Şubat 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Armenian-Turkish Conflict, Speech given by Dr. Justin McCarthy at the Turkish Grand National Assembly, March 24, 2005: ЦИТАТА: The plan of the Armenian Nationalists has not changed in more than 100 years. It is to create an Armenia in Eastern Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus, regardless of the wishes of the people who live there… The map you see is based on the program of the Dashnak Party and the Armenian Republic. It shows what the Armenian Nationalists claim. The population of the new "Armenia" would be less than one-fourth Armenian at best. Could such a state long exist? Yes, it could exist, but only if the Turks were expelled. That was the policy of the Armenian Nationalists in 1915. It would be their policy tomorrow.
  16. ^ http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/1afd81b92edde1bc80256650004effc5?Opendocument 21 Temmuz 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Letter dated 26 May 1988 from the Permanent Representative of the Azerbaijan Republic to the United Nations Office at Geneva addressed to the secretariat of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities – (Signed): Sima EIVAZOVA – Ambassador – Information on mass deportation of Azerbaijanis from their historical and ethnic lands in the territory of the Armenian SSR between 1948 and 1953
  17. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/in_depth/newsid_4664000/4664621.stm 19 Haziran 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., Tomas de Vaal, "Черный сад". Ermənistan və Azərbaycan sülh və hərb arasında, V fəsil, İrəvan.
  18. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 18 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Temmuz 2021. 
  19. ^ "Arxivlənmiş surət". 27 Haziran 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Ağustos 2009. 
  20. ^ Nikolaĭ Fedorovich Bugaĭ, Askarbi Muaedovich Gonov, "Кавказ, народы в эшелонах: 20–60-е годы", http://books.google.com/books?id=TGUnAAAAMAAJ&q=%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2&dq=%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2&ei=5XM7Ss7BF4_wyATJkOy6BQ&hl=ru&output=html&pgis=1 22 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. INSAN, 1998, Miçiqan Universiteti
  21. ^ Nikolaĭ Oganesovich Oganesi︠a︡n, "The Karabakh problem: the thorny road to freedom and independence", Miçiqan Universiteti, 2004
  22. ^ Svante E. Cornell, The Azeris:a divided nation, "Small nations and great powers: a study of ethnopolitical conflict in the Caucasus, Sitatlar: Page 94: Azeris were actively "advised" or simply forced to leave these areas and in Armenia, the process were completed by 1989. Few outright ethnic pogroms by the Armenian side occured and when it did this was the case in the initial phases of the process of the ethnic cleansing., http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ff2zOZYaZx0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA10&dq=armenian+nationality+greater+armenia+azeris&ots=dPcWal2WkO&sig=ekOlzl2Vyra4dE9w20aNvoePnNs 30 Haziran 2023 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. , Routledge, 2001
  23. ^ http://books.google.com/,books?id=eDTuxhmqzSkC&pg=PA1&dq=deportation+of+azeris&lr=&ei=RxtcSsuTCp7wyASriv2sDg&hl=ru[ölü/kırık bağlantı] Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (Organization : U.S.), Christopher Panico, Jemera Rone – стр.58
  24. ^ A.L.P. Burdett, Historical Overview, "Armenia: Political And Ethnic Boundaries 1878–1948", http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=19 17 Eylül 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Şablon:Vebarxiv, A.L.P. Burdett, Cambridge Univercity, 1998 "…and encouraged 100,000 Armenians to return to the Armenian SSR, but also forced thousands of ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Armenia to move to Azerbaijan and thus make room for the incoming Armenian repatriates. Слово forced.
  25. ^ Lowell W. Barrington, After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial & Postcommunist States., USA, University of Michigan Press, 2006 "…In late 1988, the entire Azerbaijani population (including Muslim Kurds) — some 167000 people — was kicked out of the Armenian SSR. In the process, dozens of people died due to isolated Armenian attacks and adverse conditions. This population transfer was partially in response to Armenians being forced out of Azerbaijan, but it was also the last phase of the gradual homogenization of the republic under Soviet rule. The population transfer was the latest, and not so "gentle, " episode of ethnic cleansing that increased Armenia’s homogenization from 90 percent to 98 percent. Nationalists, in collaboration with the Armenian state authorities, were responsible for this exodus.
  26. ^ Peter H. Juviler, Bertram Myron Gross, Vladimir Alekseevich Kartashkin, Elena Andreevna Lukasheva, "Human rights for the 21st century, foundations for responsible hope: a U.S. post Soviet dialogue, 1993,
  27. ^ Stuart J. Kaufman – Professor of Political Science and International Relations, joined the University of Delaware faculty in 2004. He taught at the University of Kentucky from 1990 to 2004. He specializes in ethnic conflict, international security affairs and international relations theory. The winner of a Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellowship for 1998–99, Dr. Kaufman spent 1999 working as Director for Russian, Ukrainian and Eurasian Affairs on the U.S. National Security Council staff. Dr. Kaufman earned his B.A. (1983) from Harvard University, and his M.A. (1985) and Ph.D. (1991) from the University of Michigan. "Modern hatreds: the symbolic politics of ethnic war", http://books.google.com/books?id=2Plw98pTk5wC&pg=PA67&dq=ethnic+cleansing+against+Azerbaijanis&ei=HoE7Sre7G4y2yQSUhry6BQ&hl=ru 22 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., США, Cornell University Press, 2001, Səh. 62: "Armenians began driving ethnic Azerbaijanis from their homes, (…The result of rising hostility was the virtual ethnic cleansing of Armenia and Azerbaijan proper in November 1988)
  28. ^ Council of Europe: Parliamentary Assembly, Council of Europe. Consultative Assembly, http://books.google.com/books?id=1hAEKAAcJnQC&dq=ethnic+cleansing+against+Azerbaijanis&hl=ru&source=gbs_navlinks_s 17 Ekim 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., http://books.google.com/books?id=1hAEKAAcJnQC&dq=ethnic+cleansing+against+Azerbaijanis&hl=ru&source=gbs_navlinks_s 17 Ekim 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., Strasburq, Council of Europe, 2005, səh. 299 (…However, anti-Azerbaijani policy was pursued by Armenia through-out the entire twentieth century: The Genocide committee against Azerbaijanis by Armenians in 1918, deportations perpetrated by them in 1948 and 1953, and finally the policy of ethnic cleansing and occupation started in 1988…)
  29. ^ Members of Perlamentary Assembly of Council of Europe, HUSEYNOV, Rafael, Azerbaijan, ALDE;AÇIKGÖZ Ruhi, Turkey, EDG; ÇAVUSOĞLU, Mevlüt, Turkey, EDG; GOULET, Daniel, France, ALDE(Sénateur – Sénat France – Palais du Luxembourg, 15 rue de Vaugirard – 75291 – Paris cedex 06 – Tel: + 33 (0)1 42 34 29 26 – Fax: + 33 (0)1 42 34 40 84 – E-mail: [email protected]); HAJIYEV, Sabir, Azerbaijan, SOC; IBRAHIMLI, Fazail, Azerbaijan, ALDE; ILASCU, Ilie, Romania, NRI; ILICALI, Mustafa, Turkey, EPP/CD; ĐNCEKARA, Halide, Turkey, EPP/CD; MIRZAZADA, Aydin, Azerbaijan, EDG; PROVERA, Fiorello, Italy, ALDE; RAKHANSKY, Anatoliy, Ukraine, UEL; RIGONI, Andrea, Italy, EPP/CD; SEYIDOV, Samad, Azerbaijan, EDG;TEKELĐOĞLU, Mehmet, Turkey, EPP/CD, "The Armenian policy of ethnic cleansing against Azerbaijanis", http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc06/EDOC10990.pdf 30 Temmuz 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., Mr. Rafael Huseynov, Parlamentary of PACE, Strasburq, Council of Europe, 2006, səh. 1–2 (The Armenian policy of ethnic cleansing against Azerbaijanis (Azərbaycanlılara qarşı etnik təmizlənmənin erməni siyasəti), Nowadays, this country-invader and the Armenian lobby being its supporter with their prime goal to "create Great Armenia from sea to sea" are a serious threat not only for Azerbaijan but for a number of other countries as well. Having their secret and open activities aimed at the creation of "small Armenia states" in several countries of their compact living by using separatism, ethnic cleansing and terrorism the "Armenianism" can only be stopped by means of common efforts.
  30. ^ "Arxivlənmiş surət" (PDF). 30 Temmuz 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 30 Temmuz 2009. 
  31. ^ "Карабах: хронология конфликта". BBC Russian. 29 Ağustos 2005. 10 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 1 Eylül 2011. 

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Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento serie televisive d'animazione non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Catscratchserie TV d'animazione I tre protagonisti Lingua orig.inglese PaeseStati Uniti AutoreDoug TenNapel RegiaMichael Girard MusicheTerry Scott Taylor StudioNickelodeon Animation ...

 

Parc des Sports

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando l'omonimo stadio di Annecy, vedi Parc des Sports (Annecy). Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento stadi di calcio della Francia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Parc des Sports Informazioni generaliStato Francia UbicazioneAvenue Pierre De Coubertin 84 000 Avignone Inizio lavori1975 Inaugurazione1975 ...

 

Калининградский государственный технический университет

В статье есть список источников, но не хватает сносок. Без сносок сложно определить, из какого источника взято каждое отдельное утверждение. Вы можете улучшить статью, проставив сноски на источники, подтверждающие информацию. Сведения без сносок могут быть удалены. (26 се�...

Handmade jewelry

A bead crochet necklace made from crochet lace, sterling silver, and freshwater pearls Video showing how to make handmade beaded earrings Three handmade jewelry items Handmade jewelry/jewellery, or handcrafted jewelry/jewellery, is jewelry that has been assembled and formed by hand rather than through the use of machines. The oldest handmade jewelry trademark is in Florence, Italy.[1] Definition (U.S.) According to the guidelines of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, in order to be st...

 

Taxation in Germany

This article needs additional citations for verification. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Taxation in Germany – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Part of a series onTaxation An aspect of fiscal policy Policies Government revenue Pro...

 

Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)

French politician (1785–1870) For other people with a similar name, see Victor de Broglie. Victor de BrogliePrint of de Broglie potentially by Nicolas Eustache MaurinMember of the Académie françaiseIn office1 March 1855 – 25 January 1870Preceded byLouis de BeaupoilSucceeded byProsper Duvergier de HauranneMember of the National Assemblyfor EureIn office28 May 1849 – 3 December 1851Preceded byAlfred CanelSucceeded byConstituency abolishedConstituencyPont-AudemerFrance ...

Tru by Hilton

Modern midscale hotel chain run by Hilton WorldwideTru by HiltonCompany typeSubsidiaryIndustryHospitalityFoundedJanuary 2016; 8 years ago (2016-01)FounderHilton WorldwideHeadquartersMcLean, Virginia, United StatesNumber of locations228 (2022)[1]ParentHilton WorldwideWebsitewww.trubyhilton.com Tru by Hilton is an American chain of hotels owned by Hilton Worldwide.[2][3][4] History Try by Hilton in Lake City, Florida The hotel brand was ann...

 

MV Tourist No. 2

United States historic placeTourist No. 2U.S. National Register of Historic Places MV Kirkland moored at Marina Park Dock, Kirkland, Washington.LocationAstoria, OregonCoordinates46°11′49.0″N 123°47′50.6″W / 46.196944°N 123.797389°W / 46.196944; -123.797389Built1924NRHP reference No.97000321[1]Added to NRHPApril 15, 1997 The MV Tourist No. 2 was a 1924 wooden-hulled car ferry that has served passengers all over the Pacific Northwest. Origin...

 

Anthony Fantano

American music critic and YouTuber Anthony FantanoFantano in 2016Personal informationBornAnthony Nicholas Fantano (1985-10-28) October 28, 1985 (age 38)Wolcott, Connecticut, U.S.Occupations Music critic YouTuber streamer Websitetheneedledrop.comYouTube informationAlso known as Melon[1] Cal Chuchesta[2] The Internet's Busiest Music Nerd[3] Channel theneedledrop Years active2009–presentGenreMusicSubscribers2.88 million[4]Total views1.04 billion&#...

كأس رابطة الأندية الإنجليزية المحترفة 2007–08

كأس رابطة الأندية الإنجليزية المحترفة 2007–08 تفاصيل الموسم كأس رابطة الأندية الإنجليزية المحترفة  النسخة 48  البلد المملكة المتحدة  التاريخ بداية:13 أغسطس 2007  نهاية:24 فبراير 2008  المنظم الاتحاد الإنجليزي لكرة القدم  البطل توتنهام هوتسبير  مباريات ملعوبة 93 ...

 

Académie Française

Pre-eminent council for the French language French Academy redirects here. For other uses, see French Academy (disambiguation). Académie FrançaiseInstitut de France buildingFormation22 February 1635; 389 years ago (22 February 1635)FounderCardinal RichelieuHeadquartersParis, FranceCoordinates48°51′26″N 2°20′13″E / 48.8573°N 2.337°E / 48.8573; 2.337Membership 40 members known as les immortels (the immortals)Perpetual SecretaryAmin Maalouf (sin...

 

Ami Yuasa

Japanese breakdancer (born 1998) Ami Yuasa湯浅亜実Yuasa in 2022Personal informationBorn (1998-12-11) December 11, 1998 (age 25)Kawaguchi, Saitama Prefecture, JapanSportCountry JapanSportBreaking Medal record Representing  Japan Olympic Games 2024 Paris B-Girls World Championships 2019 Nanjing B-Girls 2021 Paris B-Girls 2022 Seoul B-Girls World Games 2022 Birmingham B-Girls Asian Games 2022 Hangzhou B-Girls Ami Yuasa (湯浅 亜実, Yuasa Ami, born December 11, 1998),[1&...

Henry Bowyer Lane

English architect Henry Bowyer Joseph LaneBorn1817Corfu, United States of the Ionian IslandsDied1878Birchfield, Birmingham, EnglandNationalityEnglishAlma materBlundell's SchoolOccupationArchitectBuildingsOsgoode HallToronto's second City Hall Henry Bowyer Joseph Lane (1817–1878) was an English architect who worked in Toronto from c. 1841 to 1847. Lane was born to Henry Bower Lane, a Royal Artillery Captain and Elizabeth Lacey in 1817 and moved to Devon, England after 1819.[1&...

 

Homer Plessy

Homer PlessyBiographieNaissance 17 mars 1863La Nouvelle-OrléansDécès 1er mars 1925 (à 61 ans)La Nouvelle-OrléansSépulture Cimetière Saint Louis de la Nouvelle OrléansNom de naissance Homère Patrice Adolphe Plessy,Nationalité américaineActivité Militant des droits civiques,Père Joseph Adolphe PlessyMère Rosa DebergueAutres informationsParti politique Parti RépublicainMembre de Franc-Maçonnerie[1]Condamné pour Violation du Separate Car Act, Vue de la sépulture.modifier ...