Frankrikes utrikesminister (franska: Ministre des Affaires étrangères) är en av de mer prestigefyllda ministerposterna i Frankrikes regering och leder arbetet i utrikes- och europaministeriet, Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes (MAE). Huvudkontoret är beläget i Quai d'Orsay i Paris vilket ibland används som metonym för ministeriet. Utrikesministerns närmsta medarbetare är tre (kan variera) statssekreterare, secrétaire d’Etat.[1]
Franska kungen hade sedan tidigt 1500-tal utnämnt fyra rådgivare som bar titeln statssekreterare. Från 1589 fick de fyra statssekreterarna olika ansvarsområden och Louis de Revol blev världens första utrikesminister med titeln secrétaires d'État aux Affaires étrangères.[2] I efterdyningarna av Franska revolutionen infördes ministertiteln 1791. År 1794 avskaffade Nationalkonventet såväl utrikesministern som regeringen i sin helhet. Året därpå återinrättades regeringen av direktoriet.[3] En av tidens mest uppmärksammade utrikesministrar var Charles Maurice de Talleyrand som tjänstgjorde under direktoriet, konsulatet, Napoleon I:s kejsardöme samt Bourbonska restaurationen där han framgångsrikt representerade Frankrike vid Wienkongressen 1815.
Under andra världskriget fanns det två regeringar; den fria franska regeringen i London under Charles de Gaulle och där bland annat René Pleven var utrikesminister samt Vichyregimen under Philippe Pétain där bland annat Pierre Laval tjänstgjorde som utrikesminister. Tredje och fjärde republiken präglades av täta regeringsskiften och många utrikesministrar med flera och korta ämbetsperioder. När Charles de Gaulle drev igenom femte republiken 1958 blev Frankrike urtypen för ett semi-presidentiellt system med en stark presidentmakt med stort inflytande över utrikespolitiken.[4] Då Claude Cheysson tillträdde 1981 infördes titeln ministre des Relations extérieures, men 1986 återinfördes den äldre titeln Ministre des Affaires étrangères.
Posten som utrikesminister har många gånger fungerat som en språngbräda till posten som premiärminister och flera personer har innehaft båda ämbetena (ibland samtidigt), till exempel Adolphe Thiers, Léon Gambetta, Jules Ferry, Alexandre Ribot, Raymond Poincaré, René Viviani, Édouard Herriot, Édouard Daladier, Paul Reynaud, Léon Blum, Pierre Mendès France, Antoine Pinay, Alain Juppé och Dominique de Villepin. Utrikesministrarna Léon Bourgeois och Aristide Briand mottog Nobels fredspris 1920 respektive 1926, den förre för att han varit drivande vid Nationernas förbunds tillkomst och den senare för sin förda avspänningspolitik gentemot arvfienden Tyskland. Utrikesminister Robert Schuman räknas som Europeiska unionens fader för den 1950 presenterade Schumanplanen.
American baseball player (born 1997) Baseball player Brent HeadrickHeadrick with the St. Paul Saints in 2023Minnesota Twins – No. 53PitcherBorn: (1997-12-17) December 17, 1997 (age 25)Braidwood, Illinois, U.S.Bats: LeftThrows: LeftMLB debutApril 19, 2023, for the Minnesota TwinsMLB statistics (through 2023 season)Win–loss record3–0Earned run average6.31Strikeouts30 Teams Minnesota Twins (2023–present) Brent Wayne Headrick (born December 17, 1997) is an American profes…
Belgian musician (1779–1848) François van Campenhout François van Campenhout (5 February 1779 – 24 April 1848) was a Belgian opera singer, conductor and composer. He composed the music for the Belgian national anthem, La Brabançonne. Campenhout was born in Brussels, where he studied violin. He worked initially as an office clerk, but soon pursued a career as a musician. After he had been a violist at the Théâtre de la Monnaie (or Muntschouwburg) in Brussels for a while, he started a…
Sfatul Țării PalaceGeneral informationAddress111 Alexei MateeviciCoordinates47°1′20″N 28°49′2″E / 47.02222°N 28.81722°E / 47.02222; 28.81722Construction started1902Inaugurated1905Renovated1950s (architect Rosalia Spirer)Design and constructionArchitect(s)Vladimir N. Țâganco The Sfatul Țării Palace is a building in Chișinău, Moldova. Overview The building is located near Central Chișinău. It served as a meeting place for the Sfatul Țării, the assemb…
Koninklijke Omaanse luchtmachtAl Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Sultanya al-Omanya Het kenmerk van de Omaanse luchtmacht. Land Oman Oprichting 1990 Leiding Commandant viceluchtmaarschalk Yahya Rasheed Al-Juma Slagkracht Troepensterkte* >4000 Aantal vliegtuigen* ~60 Aantal helikopters* ~66 De Koninklijke Omaanse luchtmacht is de luchtarm van de krijgsmacht van het Sultanaat Oman. Geschiedenis Eind 1959 werd Oman onafhankelijk van Groot-Brittannië. Op 1 maart van dat jaar was met Britse hulp de Lu…
2016 American television drama Of Kings and ProphetsGenreBiblical dramaBased onBible, Books of SamuelDeveloped by Adam Cooper Bill Collage Starring Ray Winstone Olly Rix Simone Kessell James Floyd Haaz Sleiman Maisie Richardson-Sellers Jeanine Mason Mohammad Bakri David Walmsley Louis Talpe Nathaniel Parker Lyne Renée ComposersTrevor MorrisMark KilianCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons1No. of episodes2 (+7 unaired)ProductionExecutive producers Michael Offer Reza…
Subtractive color model, used in color printing CMYK redirects here. For an alternative name for the 2011 Marilyn Manson album, see Christianity Manufactures Yesterday's Killers. For the extended play by James Blake, see CMYK (EP). CMYB redirects here. For the cMyb gene, see MYB (gene). Color printing typically uses ink of four colors: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.When subtractive CMY inks are combined at full strength, pairwise combinations are red, green, and blue. Combining all three give…
Bortigiadas BultigghjàtaKomuneComune di BortigiadasLokasi Bortigiadas di Provinsi SassariNegara ItaliaWilayah SardiniaProvinsiSassari (SS)Pemerintahan • Wali kotaEmiliano DeianaLuas • Total75,90 km2 (29,31 sq mi)Ketinggian476 m (1,562 ft)Populasi (2016) • Total765[1]Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Kode pos07030Kode area telepon079Situs webhttp://www.comune.bortigiadas.ot.it Bortigiada…
Manchester UnitedMùa giải 1967–68Chủ tịch điều hànhLouis EdwardsHuấn luyện viênMatt BusbyHạng nhất Anh mùa 1967–68Á quânCúp FA mùa 1967–68Vòng 3Siêu cúp Anh 1967Vô địch (Cùng vô địch)European Cup 1967–68Vô địchVua phá lướiGiải vô địch quốc gia: George Best (28)Cả mùa giải: George Best (32)Số khán giả sân nhà cao nhất63,500 vs Tottenham Hotspur (Ngày 27 tháng 1 năm 1968)63,500 vs Real Madrid (Ngày 24 tháng 4 năm…
1996 Indian filmChaahatPosterDirected byMahesh BhattWritten byRobin BhattAkash KhuranaJaved SiddiquiProduced byRobin BhattViral LakhiaStarringShah Rukh KhanPooja BhattNaseeruddin ShahAnupam KherRamya KrishnanCinematographyAshok BehlEdited byBharat SinghMusic bySongs: Anu Malik Score: Amar HaldipurDistributed byBhatt ProductionsRelease date21 June 1996Running time146 minsCountryIndiaLanguageHindi Chaahat (transl. Desire) is a 1996 Indian Hindi-language romantic thriller film directed by Mah…
Defunct video game developer This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Mythic Entertainment – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Not to be confused with Mythical Entertainment. Mythic EntertainmentFormerlyInterworld ProductionsEA M…
Xizhi Gongbei Temple汐止拱北殿ReligionAffiliationTaoismLocationLocationNo. 88, Section 3, Xiwan Road, Xizhi District, New Taipei, TaiwanGeographic coordinates25°05′41″N 121°38′32″E / 25.094630316258154°N 121.64213593985272°E / 25.094630316258154; 121.64213593985272ArchitectureTypeTaoist templeCompleted1906 The Xizhi Gongbei Temple (Chinese: 汐止拱北殿; pinyin: Xīzhǐ gǒngběi diàn) is a traditional Taoist temple located on Sanxiu Mountain …
Overview of slavery in Malta Painting of a Turkish slave kadi in Malta by Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros, 1778 Part of a series onSlavery Contemporary Child labour Child soldiers Conscription Debt Forced marriage Bride buying Child marriage Wife selling Forced prostitution Human trafficking Peonage Penal labour Contemporary Africa 21st-century jihadism Sexual slavery Wage slavery Historical Antiquity Egypt Babylonia Greece Rome Medieval Europe Ancillae Balkan slave trade Byzantine Empire Kholop S…
Class 3 Road Base Layers in the construction of a mortarless pavement:A. Subgrade B. SubbaseC. Base courseD. Paver base as binder courseE. Pavers as wearing courseF. Fine-grained sand The base course or basecourse in pavements is a layer of material in an asphalt roadway, race track, riding arena, or sporting field. It is located under the surface layer consisting of the wearing course and sometimes an extra binder course. If there is a sub-base course, the base course is constructed directly ab…
The Most ReverendJames J. DalyTitular bishop of Castra NovaChurchRoman Catholic ChurchSeeTitular see of Castra NovaIn office1977−2013PredecessorFrederick Hall, M.H.M.OrdersOrdinationMay 22, 1948ConsecrationMay 9, 1977by John R. McGannPersonal detailsBorn(1921-08-14)August 14, 1921Bronx, New York,United StatesDiedOctober 14, 2013(2013-10-14) (aged 92)Blue Point, New York,United StatesPrevious post(s)Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of Rockville Centre (1977–1996) James Joseph Daly (A…
1989 Japanese science fiction action film by Masato Harada This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary. Please help improve the article by adding more real-world context. (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please co…
Japanese politician You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese. (June 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this temp…
Upcoming Namma Metro station under Green Line Madavara Namma Metro stationGeneral informationLocationMadavara, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560073Coordinates13°03′27″N 77°28′17″E / 13.05739°N 77.47140°E / 13.05739; 77.47140Owned byBangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (BMRCL)Operated byNamma MetroLine(s)Green LinePlatformsSide platform Platform-1 → Train Terminates HerePlatform-2 → Silk InstituteTracks2ConstructionStructure typeElevated, Double trackPlatform level…
Phytomyza plantaginis Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Diptera Famili: Agromyzidae Genus: Phytomyza Spesies: Phytomyza plantaginis Phytomyza plantaginis adalah spesies lalat yang berasal dari genus Phytomyza dan famili Agromyzidae. Lalat ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Diptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia. Larva Larva lalat ini herbivora dan biasanya memakan daun. Referensi Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D.…
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (…
Nature reserve in Primorsky Krai, Russia Khanka Nature ReserveRussian: Ханкайский заповедник(Also: Khankaisky)IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve)Marshland leading in Lake KhankaLocation of ReserveLocationPrimorsky KraiNearest citySpassk-DalnyCoordinates45°0′0″N 132°9′0″E / 45.00000°N 132.15000°E / 45.00000; 132.15000Area43,679 hectares (107,933 acres; 169 sq mi)Established1990 (1990)Governing bodyMinistry of Na…
Daewoo Lanos Модель первых лет выпуска в кузове седан Общие данные Производитель Daewoo Годы производства 1996—2020 Сборка ТагАЗ (Таганрог, Россия) АгромашХолдинг (Костанай, Казахстан) FSO (Варшава, Польша) ЗАЗ (Запорожье, Украина) GM Egypt[en] (Каир, Египет) Daewoo Motors Egypt (Город имени 6 октября, Ег…
British-Nigerian actor This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (September 2023) Onuora AbuahBornAnthony Onuora Ejoh-AbuahNairobi, KenyaNationalityNigerian, BritishOther namesAnthony AbuahAlma materCentral Film SchoolOccupation(s)actor, film director, producer , writer and authorYears active2008–presentKnown forWoolwich Boys, Danhomé & VodunNotable work…
1966 рік у науковій фантастиці ознаменувався цілою низкою подій. Зміст 1 Вперше видані науково-фантастичні книги[1] 1.1 Вперше опубліковані романи 1.2 Вперше видані авторські збірки творів короткої та середньої форми 1.2.1 Вперше видані авторські збірки пов'язаних творів коротко…
Mylnhurst is a small English country house on Button Hill in the Ecclesall area of Sheffield, England. The house was previously a private residence, it now serves as a private school. The house along with the attached stables and lodge are Grade II listed buildings. History Private house Mylnhurst was built in 1883 for Major William Greaves Blake. Blake had served in the 6th Dragoon Guards and as a lieutenant had been awarded the Indian Mutiny Medal for his part in suppressing that uprising in 1…
2010 filmHotel Hell VacationPosterDirected byBryan BuckleyWritten byPublicis in the WestProduced byCindy BeckerKevin ByrneMino JarjouraStarringChevy ChaseBeverly D'AngeloTravis GreerBruce FineCinematographyJohn LindleyEdited byKelly Vander LindaMusic byStephen AltmanProductioncompanyHungry Man ProductionsDistributed byHomeAway, Inc.Release date February 7, 2010 (2010-02-07) Running time14 minutesLanguageEnglishBudget$2.5 million Hotel Hell Vacation is an American online comedy sho…
1934 American film by Michael Curtiz The KeyPoster of The Key filmDirected byMichael CurtizScreenplay byLaird DoyleBased onThe Key1933 playby R. Gore BrownJocelyn Lee HardyProduced byRobert R. Presnell, Sr.StarringWilliam PowellEdna BestCinematographyErnest HallerEdited byThomas RichardsMusic byAllie Wrubel (composer)Mort Dixon (composer)Distributed byWarner Bros. PicturesRelease date June 9, 1934 (1934-06-09) (U.S.) Running time71 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglish Th…
Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Maharaja marga – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTORArtikel ini bukan mengenai Maha. Keduanya merupakan marga yang berbeda tanpa hubungan kekerabatan. MaharajaTugu persatuan marga Maharaj…
Artikel ini memberikan informasi dasar tentang topik kesehatan. Informasi dalam artikel ini hanya boleh digunakan untuk penjelasan ilmiah; bukan untuk diagnosis diri dan tidak dapat menggantikan diagnosis medis. Wikipedia tidak memberikan konsultasi medis. Jika Anda perlu bantuan atau hendak berobat, berkonsultasilah dengan tenaga kesehatan profesional. PerdarahanLuka berdarah di jariInformasi umumNama lainHemorrhaging, haemorrhagingSpesialisasiKedaruratan medis, hematologiKomplikasiEksanguinasi…
一般県道 静岡県道190号塩出尾崎線 制定年 1960年（昭和35年） 起点 静岡県富士宮市内房字塩出 終点 静岡県富士宮市内房字尾崎 ■テンプレート（■ノート ■使い方） ■PJ道路 静岡県道190号塩出尾崎線（しずおかけんどう190ごう しよでおさきせん）は、静岡県富士宮市内を通る一般県道である。 概要 路線データ 起点：静岡県富士宮市内房字塩出（静岡県道192号宍原塩出線…
American politician (1822–1897) William Steele HolmanChairman of the House Democratic CaucusIn officeMarch 4, 1889 – March 3, 1895SpeakerThomas B. Reed (1889–1891)Charles F. Crisp (1891–1895)Preceded bySamuel S. CoxSucceeded byDavid B. CulbersonMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom IndianaIn officeMarch 4, 1897 – April 22, 1897Preceded byJames Eli WatsonSucceeded byFrancis M. GriffithConstituency4th districtIn officeMarch 4, 1881 – March 4, 1895Pr…
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