Špansko Carstvo

Zastava s burgundskim križem koristila se kao zastava Španskog carstva do kraja 18. stoljeća kada je zamjenjena tzv. rojigualdom (1785.). Burgundski križ danas se nalazi u kraljevskom grbu.

Špansko Carstvo bilo je prvo pravo svjetsko kolonijalno carstvo, a ujedno i prva evropska država u kojoj sunce nikada ne zalazi. Osvajanjem Kanarskih otoka i Kolumbovim otkrićem Amerike 1492., kao i Magellanovim putovanjem između 1520. i 1522., Španjolska je pokrenula velik proces kolonizacije novootkrivenih područja, stvorila carstvo u kojem sunce nikad ne zalazi, te započela eru kolonijalizma. Španjolsko kolonijalno carstvo protezalo se na Južnu i Centralnu Ameriku, dobar dio Sjeverne Amerike, Kariba i dijelove Afrike, Azije i Oceanije.

Svoj vrhunac, Španjolsko je Carstvo doživjelo u 16. i 17. vijeku, a svoj kraj u 19. vijeku, osamostaljenjem kolonija u Južnoj Americi te gubitkom svojih drugih kolonijalnih posjeda.

Španjolsko Carstvo je bilo prvo svjetsko carstvo, zbog toga što se po prvi put u historiji prostiralo na gotovo svim kontinentima, a komunikacija se, za razliku od Rimskog Carstva, nije odvijala samo kopnom, već i oceanima.

Područja Španjolskog Carstva

Karta područja na kojima je vladala Španska monarhija (Španija s Portugalom (1580-1640))

Ne postoji suglasnost među historičarima oko odgovora na pitanje koja je područa obuhvaćalo Španjolsko Carstvo. Problem nastaje prvenstveno u razgraničenju između domena Španjolske na čelu s kraljem, i kraljevih nasljednih domena. Tako se javlja problem Španjolske Nizozemske, koja se tradicionalno smatra dijelom Carstva, dok je s druge strane neki historičari isključuju, tvrdeći da su to osobni nasljedne domene Habsburgovaca.

Amerike

Azija

Afrika

Evropa

Većinu posjeda u Europi izgubljeni su 1710. Mirom u Utrechtu.

Oceanija

Baština

Širenjem španjolskog kolonijalnog carstva širio se i utjecaj španjolskog jezika i kulture. Osim toga, Španjolska kao izrazito katolička zemlja, širila je vjerski nauk Katoličke Crkve nasilno pokrštavajući lokalno stanovništvo.

Rezultati stoljetne dominacije Španjolske vidljivi su i danas, ponajprije u činjenici što je španjolski u svim državama koje su nastale na području nekadašnjeg Carstva službeni jezik. Pored toga, većina stanovnika (u nekima gotovo stopostotna) su Katolici.

Španjolska (slično kao i Velika Britanija) i dalje razvija posebne odnose s državama koje su bile dio njezinog Carstva.

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