Salvador

Za ostala značenja, vidi Salvador (razvrstavanje).
Republika Salvador
República de El Salvador  (language?)
Glavni grad
i najveći grad
San Salvador
13°41′56″N 89°11′29″W / 13.69889°N 89.19139°W / 13.69889; -89.19139
Službeni jezicišpanski
Etničke skupine
Šablon:Vunblist
Religija
(2017)
84,1% krščanstvoi
—44.9% rimokatolici
—37,1% protestanti
—2,1% ostali krćani
15.2% ireligiozni
0,7% ostale religije
Demonim(i)Salvadorci
Guanaco(a) (kolokvijalno)
Government
Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara
Félix Ulloa
nezavisnost
• 
15. septembar 1821
• objavljena od Prvog Meksičkog Carstva
1. jul 1823
• 
12. jun 1824
Površina
• Ukupno
21.041 km2 (148..)
Stanovništvo
• Procjena za Šablon:UN Population
Šablon:UN PopulationŠablon:UN Population (109..)
• Gustoća
303,1 /km2 (47..)
BDP (PPP)procjena za 2018 
• Ukupno
53,667 mrld. $[2] (101..)
• Per capita
8388 $[2] (111..)
BDP (nominalni)procjena za 2018 
• Ukupno
25855 mrld. $[2] (102..)
• Per capita
4041 $[2]
Gini (2016)positive decrease 40.6[3]
srednji
HDI (2019)▲ 0.673[4]
srednji
Valuta
Vremenska zonaCST
Pozivni broj+503[α 3]
Veb-domena.sv

Salvador (španj. El Salvador = spasitelj) je država u Srednjoj Americi. Graniči sa Gvatemalom na zapadu i Hondurasom na sjeveru i istoku. Na jugu izlazi na Tihi ocean.

Povijest

Prije španjolskog osvajanja, prostor današnjeg Salvadora naseljavali su Indijanci organizirani u dvije veće države i nekoliko manjih. Domoroci su pripadali plemenu Pipil, dijelu nomadskog naroda Nahua, jednom od rijekih srednjoameričkih plemena koja su rano prekinula obredno prinošenje ljudskih žrtava. U drugim detaljima je njihova kultura bila slična susjedima: Astecima i Majama.

Prvi pokušaj Španjolaca pod vodstvom Pedra de Alvarada da osvoje ovo područje završio je 1524. neuspjehom. 1525. se vraćaju i uspijevaju nametnuti svoju vlast koja traje sve do 1821. Alvarado daje području ime Salvador ("spasitelj"). Do 1842. Salvador je dio Ujedinjenih pokrajina Srednje Amerike, a nakon toga stječe potpunu samostalnost.

1980. počinje dvanaestogodišnji građanski rat koji odnosi 75 000 života. Rat završava 1992. kada vlada i ljevičarski pobunjenici potpisuju sporazum o političkim reformama.

Ekonomija

Zbog unutrašnjih nemira, dugotrajnog građanskog rata, ali i prirodnih nepogoda, ekonomija Salvadora je slaba i polako se oporavlja. Zahvaljujući vanjskoj pomoći i pomoći iseljenika koji su za vrijeme rata napustili državu, stanje se popravlja, izvoz je u porastu, a inflacija u zadnjih nekoliko godina smanjena.

Stanovništvo

Veliku većinu stanovništva, oko 90%, čine miješani potomci američkih Indijanaca i Španjolaca. Vrlo malo Indijanaca je zadržalo običaje i tradiciju. Tek oko 20 ljudi govori jedinim preživjelim autohtonim indijanskim jezikom pipil, a nešto doseljenika iz Gvatemale govori poqomam majanskim. Prema vjeroispovijesti, većinu čine katolici, a broj protestanata je u porastu.

Izvori



  1. ↑ David Scott FitzGerald (22 April 2014). Culling the Masses. Harvard University Press. str. 363. ISBN 978-0-674-36967-2. 
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 „World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018”. Međunarodni monetarni fond. Pristupljeno 7. III 2019. 
  3. ↑ „GINI index (World Bank estimate)”. World Bank. Pristupljeno 7. III 2019. 
  4. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. str. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Pristupljeno 16 December 2020. 
  5. ↑ „Main Aspects of the Law”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2007-07-08. Pristupljeno 2007-07-08. 
  6. ↑ „El Salvador Passes Bitcoin Bill: Countdown to Legal Tender Status Begins”. cryptonews.com. 
  7. ↑ „El Salvador becomes first country to adopt bitcoin as legal tender”. the Guardian. 9 June 2021. 
  8. ↑ El Salvador, primer país del mundo en reconocer al Bitcoin como moneda de curso legal, June 9th 2021, official website of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador


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