Автоматизм (физиология)

Автомати́зм[1] (также автомати́я) — в физиологии означает способность клетки, ткани или органа к ритмической, периодической или апериодической самопроизвольной деятельности без очевидной связи с внешними побудительными причинами.

Автоматическую ритмическую деятельность следует отличать от реактивной, вызванной внешними импульсами. Однако, в биологических процессах автоматизм и реактивная ритмика могут быть тесно связаны, в таком случае следует рассматривать их функциональное взаимодействие — примером является ритмическая деятельность дыхательного центра.

Наиболее выраженным автоматизмом в человеческом организме обладают сердце, гладкая мускулатура (кишечника, мочеточника и других органов) и некоторые нервные образования[2]. Автоматизм на клеточном уровне присущ мерцательному эпителию[3].

См. также

Примечания

  1. Автоматизм // Большой энциклопедический словарь / Гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. — 1-е изд. — М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1991. — ISBN 5-85270-160-2.
  2. Шидловский В. А. Автоматия // Большая медицинская энциклопедия / под ред. Петровского Б. В. — 3-е изд. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1974. — Т. 1. — С. 39-40.
  3. Руководство по гистологии / под ред. Данилова Р. К. — 2-е изд., исправленное и дополненное. — СПб.: СпецЛит, 2010. — С. 171. — 831 с. — ISBN 978-5-299-00421-2. Архивировано 3 июля 2023 года.

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