Rusafa (Síria)

 Nota: Para outras pessoas de mesmo nome, veja Rusafa.
Rusafa
الرصافة
vila
Horizonte de Rusafa الرصافة
Horizonte de Rusafa
الرصافة
Localização
Rusafa الرصافة está localizado em: Síria
Rusafa
الرصافة
Localização de Massiafe na Síria
Coordenadas 35° 01′ 59″ N, 36° 18′ 09″ L
País Síria Síria
Província Hama
Departamento Massiafe
Subdepartamento Massiafe
Características geográficas
População total 1 608 hab.

Rusafa (em latim: الرصافة‎‎; romaniz.: Ruṣāfa), também conhecida como Rassafa (Rassafah), Rosafa (Rosafah) e Resafi, é uma vila síria situada no subdepartamento de Massiafe a oeste de Hama e aproximadamente 10 quilômetros a sudoeste de Massiafe.[1] Segundo o Departamento Central de Estatísticas, Rusafa tinha uma população de 1 608 indivíduos no censo de 2004. Seus habitantes são predominantemente alauítas.[2] É o sítio duma antiga fortaleza ismaelita.

Fortaleza

No canto norte da vila está a Fortaleza de Rusafa, ela própria situada numa colina 60 mais alta que a vila. A fortaleza está amplamente preservada, mas está coberta majoritariamente por árvores e vegetação. No período medieval, atuou como uma fortaleza subsidiária do principal centro ismaelita em Massiafe. Em sua maior extensão, mede aproximadamente 75 por 30 metros e tem um formato oval. A fortaleza foi construída com pedras de pedreiras locais e consiste em três andares.[1]

A entrada na seção noroeste da fortaleza é guardada por uma torre. Os muros exteriores são dominados por galerias e câmaras, que presumivelmente operaram como ameias. O nível mais baixo consiste em várias salas de armazenamento, algumas das quais foram construídas a 20 metros de profundidade no chão. A área média de Rusafa é marcada pela presença extensiva de salas abobadadas. Embora arruinadas, as torres centrais "são ainda altas" segundo Peter Willey.[1]

História

Rusafa foi tomada pelos ismaelitas nizaritas em torno de 1140 junto com outras fortalezas na sua vizinhança, nomeadamente Massiafe, Cauabi, Manica e Culaia.[3] A fortaleza foi reconstruída pelo da'i (chefe) ismaelista Raxide Adim Sinam na década de 1160.[4] É possível que havia outra fortaleza no sítio antes da conquista ismaelita.[1] Em maio de 1271, o sultão mameluco Baibars (r. 1260–1277) sitiou e capturou Rusafa dos ismaelitas.[5] Em meados da década de 1960, Rusafa era uma pequena vila que continha um antigo cã (caravançarai).[6]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d Willey 2005, p. 228.
  2. ↑ Honigman 1989, p. 791.
  3. ↑ Willey 2005, p. 44.
  4. ↑ Willey 2005, p. 46.
  5. ↑ Daftary 2007, p. 433.
  6. ↑ Boulanger 1966, p. 349.

Bibliografia

  • Boulanger, Robert (1966). Moyen-Orient: Liban, Syrie, Jordanie, Iraq, Iran. Paris: Hachette 
  • Daftary, Farid (2007). The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambrígia: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139465786 
  • Honigman, E. (1989). «Masyad». In: Clifford Edward Bosworth. The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Fascicules 111–112 : Masrah Mawlid. Leida: BRILL. ISBN 9789004092396 
  • Willey, Peter (2005). The Eagle's Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria. Londres: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781850434641 

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