Neotenia

Neotenia, uma forma de pedomorfose, é a propriedade, em animais, de retenção, na idade adulta, de características típicas da sua forma jovem ou larval. Tal peculiaridade é estudada pela biologia do desenvolvimento.

Em linhas gerais, na neotenia os animais têm seu sistema reprodutor maturado e se reproduzem normalmente, porém seu aspecto externo, como um todo, é o de um indivíduo jovem. A maturação do sistema gamético difere daquela do sistema somático, o qual é reprimido. Neotenia é uma forma de pedomorfose.

O desenvolvimento destas características pode estar relacionado ao mau funcionamento da glândula tireoidea; fatores genéticos; exposição excessiva ao frio; ausência de luz ou falta de iodo no organismo.[1]

A neotenia também é encontrada no homem e esta ligado à falta de acabamento ontogenético.[necessário esclarecer]

A neotenia ocorre em salamandras.

Por exemplo, o axolote, conserva durante toda a vida brânquias externas e mantêm em geral a morfologia larval.[2] Quando em cativeiro, ovos originários destas "larvas adultas" conseguem desenvolver-se normalmente e sofrer metamorfose, originando animais adultos "normais", mas não é possível induzir as larvas gigantes a desenvolver a morfologia típica de um adulto.

Referências

  1. ↑ [1] brasilescola.com. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  2. ↑ Wake, David B. (2009). «What Salamanders Have Taught Us About Evolution». Annual Reviews. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 40: 333-352. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173552 
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