Movimento völkisch

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O Movimento völkisch foi a interpretação alemã do movimento populista, com um enfoque romântico do folclore do país, durante o período compreendido entre o final do século XIX e o período nazista. O termo völkisch, que significa "étnico", deriva do alemão Volk (cognato do inglês "folk"), correspondente a "povo". Segundo o historiador James Webb, a palavra também tem "conotações de 'nação', 'raça' e 'tribo'…".[1]

A ideia de völkisch girava em torno de Volkstum, cujo significado mais preciso seria provavelmente "folclore" ou "etnia" (a não confundir com Volkssturm). "Populista" ou "popular", neste contexto seria volkstümlich.

O völkisch não foi um movimento unificado, mas "um caldeirão de crenças, medos e esperanças que encontrou expressão em vários movimentos, frequentemente num tom emocional". Petteri Pietikäinen observou no traçado völkisch influências de Carl Gustav Jung.[2] O movimento völkisch era "provavelmente o maior grupo" do movimento revolucionário conservador na Alemanha.[3] Entretanto, tal como 'revolucionário-conservador' e 'fascista', völkisch é um termo de significado cambiante ("schillernder Begriff").[3]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ James Webb. 1976. The Occult Establishment. La Salle, Ill: Open Court ISBN 0-87548-434-4 pp 276 – 277
  2. ↑ Petteri Pietikainen, "The Volk and Its Unconscious: Jung, Hauer and the 'German Revolution'" Journal of Contemporary History 35.4 (October 2000: 523-539) p. 524
  3. ↑ a b Hans Jürgen Lutzhöft (1971):Der Nordische Gedanke in Deutschland 1920-1940. (em alemão) Stuttgart. Ernst Klett Verlag, p. 19.

Bibliografia

  • Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. 1985. The Occult Roots of Nazism: The Ariosophists of Austria and Germany 1890-1935. Wellingborough, England: Aquarian Press. ISBN 0-85030-402-4. (1992. The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and Their Influence on Nazi Ideology. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-3060-4)
  • Kurlander, E. 2002. "The Rise of Völkisch-Nationalism and the Decline of German Liberalism: A Comparison of Liberal Political Cultures in Schleswig-Holstein and Silesia 1912–1924", European Review of History 9(1): 23-36. Abstract
  • Mosse, George L. 1964. The Crisis of German Ideology: Intellectual Origins Of The Third Reich. New York: Grosset & Dunlap.
  • Stern, Fritz. 1961, 1963. The Politics Of Cultural Despair: A Study In The Rise Of The Germanic Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press.

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