Strasserismo

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Strasserismo (alemão: Strasserismus ou Straßerismus) é uma corrente do nazismo baseada nas ideias dos irmãos Gregor Strasser e Otto Strasser, ambos membros do Partido Nazi. Os strasseristas ou nacionalistas revolucionários acreditam numa solução política de terceira posição em oposição ao comunismo e ao liberalismo. O strasserismo veio a influenciar diversos movimentos de extrema-direita no pós-guerra.[1]

Gregor Strasser e Otto Strasser.

Ideologia

O nome strasserismo passou a ser aplicado à forma de nazismo associada aos irmãos Strasser. Embora tenham estado envolvidos na criação do Programa Nacional Socialista de 1920, ambos exortaram o partido a comprometer-se a "quebrar os grilhões do capital financeiro".[2] Essa oposição ao que os nazistas chamavam de Finanzkapitalismus (capitalismo financeiro) e raffendes Kapital (que se traduz aproximadamente como "capitalismo avarento" e significava "capitalismo judeu"), que eles contrastavam com o producionismo ou o que era denominado "capitalismo produtivo", foi compartilhado por Adolf Hitler, que o emprestou de Gottfried Feder.[3]

Essa forma populista de anti-semitismo econômico foi defendida por Otto Strasser em Nationalsozialistische Briefe, publicado em 1925, que discutia noções de luta de classes, redistribuição de riqueza e uma possível aliança com a União Soviética. Sua continuação de 1930, Ministersessel oder Revolution (Assento do Gabinete ou Revolução), atacou a traição de Hitler ao aspecto socialista do nazismo, bem como criticou a noção do Führerprinzip.[4] Embora Gregor Strasser tenha ecoado muitos dos apelos de seu irmão, sua influência na ideologia foi menor, devido à sua permanência no Partido Nazista por mais tempo e à sua morte prematura. Enquanto isso, Otto Strasser continuou a expandir seu argumento, pedindo o desmembramento de grandes propriedades e o desenvolvimento de algo semelhante a um socialismo de guildas, e o estabelecimento relacionado de uma câmara cooperativa do Reich para assumir um papel de liderança no planejamento econômico.[5]

O strasserismo tornou-se uma vertente do nazismo que se apegou aos ideais nazistas anteriores, como o antissemitismo e o ultranacionalismo palingenético, mas acrescentou uma forte crítica ao capitalismo em bases antissemitas econômicas e enquadrou isso na demanda por uma abordagem econômica mais baseada no trabalhador. No entanto, é contestado se o strasserismo era uma forma distinta de nazismo. Segundo o historiador Ian Kershaw, "os líderes da SA [que incluía Gregor Strasser] não tinham outra visão do futuro da Alemanha ou outra política a propor". Os strasseritas defendiam a radicalização do regime nazista e a derrubada das elites alemãs, chamando a ascensão de Hitler ao poder de uma meia-revolução que precisava ser concluída.[6]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ eter Davies, Derek Lynch (2002). The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. Londres: Routledge. ISBN 0415214947 
  2. ↑ C. T. Husbands, 'Militant Neo-Nazism in the Federal Republic of Germany' in L. Cheles, R. Ferguson & M. Vaughan, Neo-Fascism in Europe, 1992, p. 98.
  3. ↑ Ian Kershaw, Hitler: A Profile in Power, first chapter (London, 1991, rev. 2001).
  4. ↑ Karl Dietrich Bracher, The German Dictatorship, 1973, pp. 230–231.
  5. ↑ Nolte, Ernst (1969). Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian fascism, National Socialism. Nova Iorque: Mentor. pp. 425–426 
  6. ↑ Ian Kershaw, 1991, chapter III, first section.
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