CoCom

CoCom er et akronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom ble etablert i 1947 under den kalde krigen for å gjennomføre en boikott av vestlige lands eksport til land i østblokken

Organisasjonen hadde 17 medlemsland: Australia, Belgia, Canada, Danmark, Frankrike, Hellas, Italia, Japan, Luxembourg, Nederland, Norge, Portugal, Spania, Storbritannia, Tyrkia, Tyskland og USA, i tillegg var det en rekke samarbeidsland som Finland, Irland, New Zealand, Sverige, Sveits og Østerrike.

CoCom ble oppløst den 31. mars 1994.

Brudd på reglene

Utdypende artikkel: KV-Toshiba-saken

I 1987 ble det avslørt at det japanske firmaet Toshiba Machine Company sammen med Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk hadde levert åtte datastyrte dreiebenker til Sovjetunionen mellom 1982 og 1984, en handel som krenket CoCom-regler.[1] I USA ble det argumentert med at denne teknologien sterkt forbedret sovjetiske ubåters evne til å unngå å bli oppdaget, noe som igjen førte til betydelige kostnader for USA for å forbedre sin egen teknologi.[2] I 1988 tok den amerikanske kongressen initiativ til å innføre sanksjoner mot Toshiba og forby import av Toshiba-produkter til USA.[3][4] For Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk betød dette svekket tillit internasjonalt, noe som var med og bidro til navneskiftet i 1987.[5]

Eksterne lenker

Referanser

  1. ^ Wrubel, Wende A. «The Toshiba-Kongsberg Incident: Shortcomings of Cocom, and Recommendations for Increased Effectiveness of Export Controls to the East Bloc» (PDF). American University Journal of International Law and Policy. 4 (1): 241–273. Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 25. oktober 2015. Besøkt 27. desember 2023. 
  2. ^ «Norge hjalp Sovjet med å lage stillegående ubåter: – Saken har paralleller til Bergen Engines-salget». e24.no. 20. mars 2021. Besøkt 27. desember 2023. 
  3. ^ «The Toshiba-Kongsberg case». King's College London. 
  4. ^ «Toshiba-Kongsberg Incident». www.globalsecurity.org. Besøkt 27. desember 2023. 
  5. ^ Børresen, Gjeseth, Tamnes, Jacob, Gullow, Rolf (2004). Norsk forsvarshistorie, bind 5: Allianseforsvar i endring. Eide forlag. s. 335, 336. ISBN 82-514-0622-6. 

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