C.H.D. Buys Ballot

C.H.D. Buys Ballot

Fødd10. oktober 1817
Goes, Kloetinge
Død3. februar 1890
Utrech
NasjonalitetKongeriket Nederlanda
Yrkefysikar, matematikar, meteorolog, kjemikar, professor, universitetslærar, direktør
InstitusjonarUniversitetet i Utrecht
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
Alma materUniversitetet i Utrecht
DoktorgradsrettleiarRichard van Rees
MedlemDet prøyssiske vitskapsakademiet
Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina
Vitskapsakademiet i St. Petersburg
Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen
Det russiske vitskapsakademiet
Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique

Christophorus Henricus Diedericus Buys Ballot (òg kalla Christoph Heinrich Diedrich Buys Ballot) (10. oktober 18173. februar 1890) var ein nederlandsk kjemikar og meteorolog, som Buys-Ballot si lov og Buys-Ballot-tabellen er kalla opp etter.

Han gjekk på gymnaset ved Zaltbommel og Hogeschool (i dag Universitet) i Utrecht. Etter at han fekk doktorgrad i 1844, vart han forelesar i mineralogi og geologi i Utrecht. Han la til teoretisk kjemi i 1846. I 1847 vart han professor i matematikk og frå 186] fram til han pensjonerte seg var han professor i fysikk.

Buys Ballot testa dopplereffekten for lydbølgjer i 1845 ved å bruke ei gruppe musikarar som spelte ein kalibrert tone på eit tog langs Utrecht-Amsterdam-linja.

Buys Ballot er best kjend for resultata han kom fram til i meteorologi, særleg i samband med å forklare retninga til luftstraumane i store vêrsystem. I tillegg grunnla han Det nasjonale nederlandske meteorologiske instituttet (KNMI) i 1854 der han var administrerande direktør fram til han døydde. Han var ein av dei første som innsåg behovet for internasjonalt samarbeid, og i 1873 vart han den første styreformannen i Den internasjonale meteorologiske komiteen, ein føregangar for Verdas meteorologiorganisasjon (WMO).

Buys-Ballot si lov seier at om ein person på den nordlege halvkula står med vinden i ryggen, så har han eit lågtrykk til venstre for seg. Den største arbeidsoppgåva hans i meteorologi var å utforske lange tidsseriar for å finne faktorar som gjekk igjen. Han var meir opptatt av å finne desse faktorane enn å forklare dei. Han medverka ikkje til meteorologiske teoriar, noko som kan verke overraskande sidan han var utdanna innan fysikk. Dette står i kontrast til amerikanaren William Ferrel, som levde samtidig, og som oppdaga Buy-Ballot si lov noko tidlegare.

Buys Ballot utvikla ein tabellmetode for å utforske periodisiteten i tidsseriar. I 1847 nytta han tabellen, som i dag er kalla opp etter han, til å avgjere perioden til solrotasjonen frå daglege observasjonar av temperatur i Nederland frå 1729 til 1846.

Kjelder

Litteratur

  • Harold L. Burstyn «Buys Ballot, Christoph Hendrik Diederik» Dictionary of Scientific Biography volum 1, s. 628, New York: Scribners 1973.
  • E. van Everdingen C. H. D. Buys Ballot 1817-1890 The Hague 1953.
  • O. B. Sheynin On the History of the Statistical Method in Meteorology, Archive for the History of the Exact Sciences, 31, (1984-5) 53-95.
  • J. L. Klein Statistical Visions in Time, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1997.

Bakgrunnsstoff

  • M. Buys-Ballot, «Note sur le rapport de l'intensite et de la direction du vent avec les ecarts simultanes du barometre», Comptes Rendus, Vol. 45 (1857), s. 765–768.

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