Maria de Bohun

Abigail maritum morientem lamentat: Psalterium Henrici de Bolingbroke f. 78 (Museum Fitzwilliamense Cantabrigiae MS 38-1950)

Maria de Bohun (nata anno circiter 1369; Petroburgi mortua die 4 Iunii 1394) fuit uxor iuvenis Henrici Bolingbroke postea in Anglia regnaturi huius nominis quarti, materque illius Henrici qui quintus huius nominis regnaverit.

Maria fuit filia altera natu Humfredi de Bohun comitis Herefordiae et Iohannae Arundeliae. Mariae soror Alienora Thomae de Woodstock nupsit, regis Edwardi III filio. Humfredo de Bohun iam anno 1373 mortuo, heredibus masculis in familia de Bohun carentibus, Thomas de Woodstock (si historico Ioanni de Froissart fidem reponimus) Mariam suasit ut in coenobio intraverit: ita enim Alienora uxor sua heres fieret omnium possessionum Humfredi de Bohun. Sed Ioannes de Gandavia, Thomae frater natu maior, partem hereditatis pro filio suo Henrico Bolingbroke adquirere cupiens, Mariam e conventu vi removit.[1] An haec vera sint, anne falsa, Maria annum agens duodecimum Henrico nupsit (qui e parte matris Blancae e ramo Lancastriensi familiae regali Anglicae originem suum traxit). Matrimonium aut die 20 Iulii 1380 aut 10 Februarii 1381 celebravisse in variis fontibus adseveratur sive Arundeliae sive in oppido Rochford Essexiae.[2]

Mariti variis locis habitabant sed saepius Monemutae ad fines Cambriae in castello quod Henricus Bolingbroke ab avo Henrico de Grosmont duce Lancastriae heres acceperat. Ibi illa (annum haud quartum decimum agens) infantem nomine Edwardum mense Aprili anni 1382 peperit, qui statim mortuus est et in capella castelli sepultus. Ibi die 9 Augusti 1387 filius Henricus natus est, ipse rex futurus paterque regis Henrici VI, cognomen "Henricus de Monemuta" a loco nativo accipiens. "Cunabula infantis Henrici" Monemutae per multa saecula monstrabantur et anno 1912 in Museo Londiniensi posita sunt,[3] sed hoc cubile (re vera saeculo XV exeunte constructum) Henrico de Monemuta falso attributum satis constat.[4]

Maria infantem Iesum nutriens, e libro Horarum Mariae de Bohun (Bibliotheca Regia Hauniae MS Thott. 547.4°)

Annis insequentibus Maria filios tres Henrico insuper peperit: die 29 Septembris 1388 Thomassum, qui iuxta patrem in Francia militaverit ibique anno 1421 mortuus erit; die 20 Iunii 1389 Iohannem, regni protector futurus et pro fratre suo Henrico V et pro nepote Henrico VI, anno 1435 mortuus; die 3 Octobris 1390 Humfredus, qui vicerex pro fratre anno 1422 meruit annoque 1447 mortem obiit. Mox et filias duas peperit, anno 1392 ineunte Blancam, quae usque in annum 1409 vixerit; die 4 Iunii 1394 Philippam, reginam Sueciae futuram, quae anno 1430 obierit. Haec filiae duae castello Petroburgensi natae sunt, ibique Maria parturiens mortua est, annum agens quintum et vicesimum, eodem die quo filia Philippa nata est. Leicestriae in ecclesia Sanctae Mariae in castro sepulta est; sepultura mox remota est in Hospitale Sanctae Trinitatis (ab Henrico comite Lancastriae, proavo maritorum amborum, conditum) ubi monumentum illae dedicatum hodie partim delapidatum ostentatur.[5]

Mariae Henricoque Bolingbroke nuper maritis psalteria pulcherrima duo data sunt quae ambo in scriptorio familiae Bohun confecta esse censentur, partim ab illuminatore Iohanne de Teye, partim ab alio. Primum eorum, anno circiter 1380 elaboratum et pro certo ut matrimonium familiarum de Bohun et de Lancastria celebraretur, in usum lectoris femineae confectum est: ergo ad ipsam Mariam pertinebat. Oxoniae hodie in Bibliotheca Bodleiana servatur sub siglo Auct. D.4.4. Alterum eodem fere tempore ut idem matrimonium celebraretur in usum lectoris cuiusdam masculi confectum est: ergo ad Henricum de Bolingbroke pertinebat. Ab uno tantum pictore ornatur qui Iohannem de Teye esse censetur. Hodie in Museo Fitzwilliamensi sub siglo 38-1950 servatur.

Exstat etiam liber Horarum ad usum Sarum formosissimus qui ad usum Mariae de Bohun post annum 1380 ab Iohanne de Teye, adiutore ut censetur Henrico Hood, elaboratus est. Illa an filio aliquo seu filiae donare cupiverit nescitur. Filia ultima Philippa, matre intempestive mortua, heres huius libri facta est et secum in Suecia abstulit. Hodie Hauniae servatur in Bibliotheca Regia, siglo Thott. 547.4°.

Unam legis e paginis de
disserentibus
Urbs
Ecclesiae et coenobii
Viae
Terrae et aquae
Gubernium
Homines et opera
Domini

Notae

  1. ↑ De qua re vide A. Goodman, John of Gaunt: The Exercise of Princely Power in Fourteenth-century Europe (Londinii: Longman, 1992) p. 276; G. Holmes, The Estates of the Higher Nobility in Fourteenth-century England (Cantabrigiae, 1957) p. 24
  2. ↑ Medlands
  3. ↑ Kentucky New Era (4 Iun. 1912) Textus
  4. ↑ Aymer Vallance, "Early Furniture, XV: Cradles and Beds" in Burlington Magazine vol. 24 (1914) pp. 288-289, 292-293
  5. ↑ De Hospitali S. Trinitatis

Bibliographia

  • M. R. James, Eric G. Millar, The Bohun Manuscripts. Oxonii, 1936
  • Jeanne E. Krochalis, "The Books and Reading of Henry V and His Circle" in Chaucer Review vol. 23 (1988) pp. 50-77
  • William Watkins Old, "Historical Notices of the Cradle of Henry V" in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society vol. 4 (1876) pp. 231-259
  • Lucy Freeman Sandler, Gothic Manuscripts 1285-1385. Londinii: Harvey Miller, 1986. 2 voll. (A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 5)
  • Lucy Freeman Sandler, "A Note on the Illuminators of the Bohun Manuscripts" in Speculum vol. 60 (1985) pp. 364-372

Nexus externi

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