PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Archaeologia est scientia exstantium antiquitatum, quae multum historiae auxilium confert. Etenim, velut scientia rerum antiquarum, non solum historiae scriptis, sed etiam inscriptionibus, aedificiis, supellectilibus, ornamentis, sepulcris, ceterisque rebus ad humanam vitam pertinentibus quae auxilium supersunt ducit.

Etymologia

Nomen archaeologiae a vocabulis Graecis ἀρχαῖος 'antiquus' et λόγος 'studium' deducitur.

Prospectus

Saepe labor archaeologicus est per agros ambulare, fictilia colligendi causa. Archaeologi hunc modum prospectionem vocant. Prospectio archaeologica ita est modus agrorum et montium recensendorum et indiciorum archaeologicorum colendorum. In prospectione ambulanti per agrum, archaeologi in singulam lineam ambulant, in spatiis aequis dispersi. Tandem in charta agri inventa collocant. Postea, res collectae in laboratoriis explicantur. Saepe ante ambulationem, archaeologi studium de regione faciunt in libris antiquis aut incolis inquaerens.

Adsunt aliae rationes prospectionis praeter ambulationem. Photographia aerea est studium imaginum locorum, ut monumenta aut relicta monumentorum ab aere videri possint. Quoque adsunt rationes prospectionis per geophysicam.

Saepe prospectio est studium praevium fossionis.

Chronologia absoluta

Adsunt rationes permultae, per quas possibile est aetatem accurate rerum aut obiectorum investigare. Praeclarae rationes declinationis atomorum radiactivorum in usu sunt.

Carbonium 14

Carbonium 14 est ratio ad calculandam aetatem rerum archaeologicarum, solum si rebus insunt materiae substantiae organicae. Inventa est haec ratio anno 1949, a W. F. Libby.

Dendrochronologia

Dendrochronologia est disciplina chronologica, quae aetatem lignorum et tabularum dat, ob comparationem inter anullos arborum.

Chronologia relativa

Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam Terminus post quem.

Stratigraphia est studium stratuum in quodam loco archaeologico. Ob legem superimpositionis stratuum, stratus profundissimus est stratus veterrimus.

Bibliographia

Aldenderfer, M. S.; Maschner, H. D. G., eds. (1996), Anthropology, Space, and Geographic Information Systems, Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press
Ascher, R. (1961), "Analogy in archaeological interpretation", Southwestern Journal of Anthropology (University of New Mexico) 17 (4): 317–25
Ascher, R. (1961), "Experimental Archeology", American Anthropologist 63 (4): 793–816
Billman, B. R.; Feinman, G. (1999), Settlement Pattern Studies in the Americas: Fifty Years Since Virú, Vasingtoniae: Smithsonian Institution Press
Binford, Lewis (1962), "Archaeology as Anthropology", American Antiquity (Society for American Archaeology) 28 (4): 217–25
Denning, K. (2004), "The Storm of Progress' and Archaeology for an Online Public", Internet Archaeology 15
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-43519-2
Fash, William (2001), "Archaeology", in David L. Carrasco, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures, 1, Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press, pp. 25–35, ISBN 9780195108156
Flannery, K. V. (1967), "Culture History v. Culture Process: A Debate in American archaeology", Scientific American 217 (2): 119–22
Flannery, K. V. (1982), "The Golden Marshalltown: A Parable for the Archaeology of the 1980s", American Anthropologist 84 (2): 265–78
Fraser, Julius Thomas; Francis C. Haber (1986), Time, Science, and Society in China and the West, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press
Glascock, M. D.; Neff, H.; Stryker, K. S.; Johnson, T. N. (1994), "Sourcing Archaeological Obsidian by an Abbreviated NAA Procedure", Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 180: 29–35
Gifford-Gonzalez, D. P.; Damrosch, D. B.; Damrosch, D. R.; Pryor, J.; Thunen, R. L. (1985), "The Third Dimension in Site Structure: An Experiment in Trampling and Vertical Dispersal", American Antiquity 50 (4): 803–18
Gladfelter, B. G. (1977), "Geoarchaeology: The Geomorphologist and Archaeology", American Antiquity (Society for American Archaeology) 42 (4): 519–38
Gould, R. (1971), "The Archaeologist as Ethnographer: A Case from the Western Desert of Australia", World Archaeology 3 (2): 143–77
Gould, R.; Koster, D. A.; Sontz, A. H. L. (1971), "The Lithic Assemblage of the Western Desert Aborigines of Australia", American Antiquity 36 (2): 149–69
Gould, R.; Yellen, J. (1987), "Man the Hunted: Determinants of Household Spacing in Desert and Tropical Foraging Societies", Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 6: 77
Haviland, William A.; Prins, Harald E.L.; McBride, Bunny; Walrath, Dana (2010), Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge (tertia decima ed.), Cengage Learning, ISBN 978-0-495-81082-7
Hinshaw, J. (2000), Ethnobotanical and Archaeobotanical Relationships: A Yuman Case Study, Salinas: Coyote Press, pp. 3–7, 38–45
Hodder, Ian (1982), Symbols in Action, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Hodder, Ian (1985), "Post-Processual Archaeology", in Schiffer, M. B., Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Novi Eboraci: Academic Press
Hodder, Ian, ed. (1987), The Archaeology of Contextual Meaning, Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press
Hodder, Ian (1990), "Style as Historical Quality", in Hastorf, M. C. A. C., The Uses of Style in Archaeology, Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press
Hodder, Ian (1991), "Interpretive Archaeology and Its Role", American Antiquity (Society for American Archaeology) 56 (1): 7–18
Hodder, Ian (1992), Theory and Practice in Archaeology, Londinii: Routeldge
Kuznar, L, ed. (2001), Ethnoarchaeology of Andean South America, Ann Arbor: International Monographs in Prehistory
Miller, D.; Tilley, C. (1984), "Ideology, Power and Prehistory: An Introduction", in Miller, D.; Tilley, C., Ideology, Power, and Prehistory, Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-25526-4
Miller, D.; Rowlands, M.; Tilley, C., eds. (1989), Dominion and Resistance, Novi Eboraci: Routledge
Mortillet, Gabriel de. 1883. Le préhistorique: antiquité de l'homme. Lutetiae: Reinwald. Textus apud archive.org.
Ogundele, S. O. (2005), "Ethnoarchaeology of Domestic Space and Spatial Behaviour Among the Tiv and Ungwai of Central Nigeria", African Archaeological Review 22: 25–54
Pauketat, Timothy R. (2001), "Practice and History in Archaeology: An Emerging Paradigm", Anthropological Theory 1: 73–98
Renfrew, Colin; Bahn, P. G. (1991), Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice, Londinii: Thames and Hudson, ISBN 978-0-500-27867-3
Saraydar, S.; Shimada, I. (1971), "A Quantitative Comparison of Efficiency between a Stone Axe and a Steel Axe", American Antiquity 36 (2): 216–17
Saraydar, S. C.; Shimada, I. (1973), "Experimental Archaeology: A New Outlook", American Antiquity 38 (3): 344–50
Sellet, F.; Greaves, R.; Yu, P.-L. (2006), Archaeology and Ethnoarchaeology of Mobility, Gainesville: University Press of Florida
Shanks, M.; Tilley, C. (1987), Reconstructing Archaeology, Novi Eboraci: Cambridge university Press
Shanks, M.; Tilley, C. (1988), Social Theory and Archaeology, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, ISBN 978-0-7456-0184-7
Shanks, M. (1991), "Some recent approaches to style and social reconstruction in classical archaeology", Archaeological Review from Cambridge 10: 164–74
Shanks, M. (1993), "Style and the design of a perfume jar from an Archaic Greek city state", Journal of European Archaeology 1: 77–106
Shott, M. J.; Sillitoe, P. (2005), "Use life and curation in New Guinea experimental used flakes", Journal of Archaeological Science 32 (5): 653–63
Tassie, G. J.; Owens, L. S. (2010), Standards of Archaeological Excavations: A Fieldguide to the Methology, Recording Techniques and Conventions, Londinii: GHP, ISBN 978-1-906137-17-5
Taylor, W. W. (1948), A Study of Archaeology, Menasha: American Anthropological Association, ISBN 978-0-906367-12-4
Tilley, Christopher, ed. (1993), Interpretive Archaeology, Oxoniae: Berg, ISBN 978-0-85496-842-8
Trigger, B. G. (1989), A History of Archaeological Thought, Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press
Watters, M. R. (1992), Principles of Geoarchaeology: A North American Perspective, Tucsoniae: The University of Arizona Press
Watters, M. R. (2000), "Alluvial stratigraphy and geoarchaeology in the American Southwest", Geoarchaeology 15 (6): 537–57
Willey, Gordon R. (1953), Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Virú Valley, Perú, Vasingtoniae
Willey, Gordon R. (1968), Settlement Archaeology, Palo Alto: National Press
Wylie, A. (1985), "The Reaction Against Analogy", in Schiffer, Michael B., Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Orlando Foridae: Academic Press, pp. 63–111
Yellen, J. (1977), Archaeological Approaches to the Present, Novi Eboraci: Academic Press, ISBN 978-0-12-770350-3
Yellen, J.; Harpending, H. (1972), "Hunter-Gatherer Populations and Archaeological Inference", World Archaeology 4 (2): 244–53