대한민국 헌법 제15조

대한민국 헌법 (한국어 / 영어)
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대한민국의 헌정사

대한민국 헌법 제15조는 직업을 선택할 자유를 규정한 대한민국 헌법의 조항이다.

본문

모든 국민은 직업선택의 자유를 가진다.

참조조문

국가의 직업선택의 자유보장의무

제10조 모든 국민인간으로서의 존엄과 가치를 가지며, 행복을 추구할 권리를 가진다. 국가는 개인이 가지는 불가침의 기본적 인권을 확인하고 이를 보장할 의무를 진다.

근로의 의무

제32조② 모든 국민은 근로의 의무를 진다. 국가는 근로의 의무의 내용과 조건을 민주주의원칙에 따라 법률로 정한다.

직업행사의 자유제한

제126조 국방상 또는 국민경제상 긴절한 필요로 인하여 법률이 정하는 경우를 제외하고는, 사영기업을 국유 또는 공유로 이전하거나 그 경영을 통제 또는 관리 할 수 없다.

직업선택의 자유의 제한

제37조② 국민의 모든 자유와 권리는 국가안전보장·질서유지 또는 공공복리를 위하여 필요한 경우에 한하여 법률로써 제한할 수 있으며, 제한하는 경우에도 자유와 권리의 본질적인 내용을 침해할 수 없다.

내용

  • 직업선택의 자유-직업결정의 자유, 직업종사(직업수행)의 자유, 전직의 자유[1]
  • 영업의 자유

주요 판례

  • '직업'은 '생활의 기본적 수요를 충족시키기 위한 계속적 소득활동'을 의미하며 그러한 내용의 활동인한 그 종류나 성질을 묻지 아니한다[2]
  • 직업의 개념표지들은 개방적 성질을 지녀 엄격하게 해석할 필요는 없다[3]

같이 보기

각주

  1. 92헌마80
  2. 92헌마80
  3. 2002헌마519

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