カナダとアメリカ合衆国の関係(カナダとアメリカがっしゅうこくのかんけい、英: Canada–United States Relations, フランス語: Relations entre le Canada et les États-Unis)では、2世紀以上の期間にわたり、イギリス植民地としての遺産を共有し、アメリカ合衆国建国初期には紛争があったものの、現代では最も成功した国際関係の一つまで発展した経緯を扱う。両国は互いの主要な経済パートナーであり、実際に1994年の北アメリカ自由貿易協定 (NAFTA) 締結以降、2つの経済は次第に融合してきた。さらに2国間には常に大規模な人の移動・移住があり、また1900年以来大規模な観光客の交流もある。
カナダとアメリカ合衆国の間で長い間一触即発状態の論争は北西航路(北極海を通る航路)に関するカナダの主権問題である。カナダは北西航路が内海(領海)であると主張し、これが国際航路(国際水域)だと主張する特にアメリカ合衆国など他国からの異議申し立てが続いてきた。アメリカが1969年に北西航路を通って石油タンカーのマンハッタン号を、1985年には砕氷船北極海号運行させた時に、カナダ人は激怒した。両船ともカナダの許可を受けていなかった。1970年、カナダ政府は北極海水域汚染防止法を制定し、100マイル (160 km) 海域以内の汚染についてカナダが規制することを決めた。同年、これに反応したアメリカ合衆国は「我々は北極海水域がカナダの領海であるというカナダの主張を受け容れられない。そのようなことを認めれば世界に跨るアメリカ合衆国の海洋行動に基本的な航行の自由を侵すことになる」と述べた。1988年に「北極海協力」に関する合意によってある種妥協に達し、アメリカの砕氷船の航行は「カナダ政府の同意に基づいて行われる」ことを決めた。しかし、この合意は両国の基本的な法的姿勢を変えたのではなかった。2006年、デイビッド・ウィルキンス駐カナダアメリカ合衆国大使は、カナダ首相スティーヴン・ハーパーが提案した北極海への侵入者を探索するために軍隊の砕氷船を導入し、この水域にカナダの主権を主張することに対する合衆国政府の反対を表明した[28]。2007年8月、ポール・セラッチ元駐カナダアメリカ合衆国大使は、北西航路が国際水域であるという主張を再評価し、そこはカナダに属させるべきとアメリカ合衆国政府に2005年に伝えたと表明した。この提言は拒絶され、2007年にはブッシュ大統領とハーパー首相が対立した[29]。
^Tagg, "'And, We Burned down the White House, Too': American History, Canadian Undergraduates, and Nationalism," The History Teacher, Vol. 37, No. 3 (May, 2004), pp. 309-334 in JSTOR; J. L. Granatstein. Yankee Go Home: Canadians and Anti-Americanism (1997)
^James Tagg. "'And, We Burned down the White House, Too': American History, Canadian Undergraduates, and Nationalism," The History Teacher, Vol. 37, No. 3 (May, 2004), pp. 309-334
^Marcus Lee Hansen, The Mingling of the Canadian and American Peoples. Vol. 1: Historical (1940); David D. Harvey, Americans in Canada: Migration and Settlement since 1840 (1991)
^Renee Kasinsky, "Refugees from Militarism: Draft Age Americans in Canada (1976)
^Yves Roby, The Franco-Americans of New England (2004); Elliott Robert Barkan, "French Canadians" in Stephan Thernstrom, ed. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (1980) pp 389-401
^Alan A. Brookes, "Canadians, British" in Stephan Thernstrom, ed. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (1980) pp 191ff.
^Stephan Thernstrom, ed. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (1980) p 392.
^Mason Wade, The French Canadians, 1760-1945 (1955) p. 74.
^Patrick Bode, "Upper Canada, 1793: Simcoe and the Slaves," Beaver 1993 73(3): 17-19; Paul Robert Magocsi, ed. Enyclopedia of Canada's peoples (1999) p 142-3
^John A. Munro, "English-Canadianism and the Demand for Canadian Autonomy: Ontario's Response to the Alaska Boundary Decision, 1903." Ontario History 1965 57(4): 189-203. Issn: 0030-2953
^J. Castell Hopkins, The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs: 1902 (1903), p. 327.
^Bruce Muirhead, "From Special Relationship to Third Option: Canada, the U.S., and the Nixon Shock," American Review of Canadian Studies, Vol. 34, 2004 online edition
^Matthew Carnaghan, Allison Goody, "Canadian Arctic Sovereignty" (Library of Parliament: Political and Social Affairs Division, January 26, 2006); 2006 news
Doran, Charles F., and James Patrick Sewell, "Anti-Americanism in Canada," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 497, Anti-Americanism: Origins and Context (May, 1988), pp. 105?119 in JSTOR
Stephen Clarkson, Uncle Sam and Us: Globalization, Neoconservatism and the Canadian State (University of Toronto Press, 2002),
J. L. Granatstein. Yankee Go Home: Canadians and Anti-Americanism (1997)
J. L. Granatstein and Norman Hillmer, For Better or for Worse: Canada and the United States to the 1990s (1991)
John W. Holmes. "Impact of Domestic Political Factors on Canadian-American Relations: Canada," International Organization, Vol. 28, No. 4, Canada and the United States: Transnational and Transgovernmental Relations (Autumn, 1974), pp. 611–635 in JSTOR
Graeme S. Mount and Edelgard Mahant, An Introduction to Canadian-American Relations (1984, updated 1989)
Graeme S. Mount and Edelgard Mahant, Invisible and Inaudible in Washington: American Policies toward Canada during the Cold War (1999)
Bruce Muirhead, "From Special Relationship to Third Option: Canada, the U.S., and the Nixon Shock," American Review of Canadian Studies, Vol. 34, 2004 online edition
Reginald C. Stuart. Dispersed Relations: Americans and Canadians in Upper North America (2007) excerpt and text search
James Tagg. "'And, We Burned down the White House, Too': American History, Canadian Undergraduates, and Nationalism," The History Teacher, Vol. 37, No. 3 (May, 2004), pp. 309?334 in JSTOR
C. C. Tansill, Canadian-American Relations, 1875-1911 (1943)
John Herd Thompson and Stephen J. Randall, Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1994), 387pp
Canadian Society of New York - formed in 1897 to foster a spirit of good will between Canada and the United States. For 106 years it held an annual gala to honor distinguished Canadians or Americans who devoted their careers to strengthening the ties between the two countries.
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