これらの合成方法ではいずれも、アダマンタンは多結晶質の粉末として得られる。この粉末から、溶融法や溶液法、ブリッジマン・ストックバッカー法(英語版)などの気相法で単結晶を作ることができる。溶融法ではモザイク状でX線回折が約1°の質の悪い結晶ができる。最も良い結晶は溶液法で得られるが、成長が遅く、数箇月かかって5-10ミリメートルの結晶ができる程度である。気相法は速さと質の両方に優れ[2]、炉の中に置いた石英管中でアダマンタンの昇華が行われる。炉には1センチあたり約 10 °C の温度勾配がかかるように加熱機が備えられており、管の一端はアダマンタンの融点近くに温度が保たれていて、ここで結晶化が起こる。温度勾配を維持しながら管全体をゆっくり冷ますと、結晶化の起こる位置が徐々にずれていき(1時間に2ミリ程度)、単結晶のブールが得られる[16]。
天然での存在
合成が行われる前、アダマンタンはチェコの化学者ランダ (S. Landa) とマカチェック (V. Macháček) によって、1933年に原油から単離されていた。彼らは分別蒸留という手法を単離に用いた。すなわち、原油の試料を油状の固体不純物が残るまで徐々に熱し、得られる蒸気を分別蒸留用のカラムに通す。カラムの温度は上方ほど低くなるので、蒸気がカラムを昇るにつれ、原油に含まれる炭化水素成分は、それぞれの沸点の位置で凝集する。この方法でランダとマカチェックは数ミリグラムのアダマンタンを得たに過ぎなかったが、その沸点と融点の高さに注目した。そして、この新たに得た化合物の構造はダイアモンドに類似すると考え、「アダマンタン」と名づけた[7][17]。
^According to page 41 of a 2004 IUPAC guide(PDF) , adamantane is the "preferred IUPAC name."
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