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^ abcdefghijklmnopqJeheskel Shoshani & John F. Eisenberg, "Elephas maximus," Mammalian Species, Number 182, American Society of Mammalogists, 1982, Pages 1-8.
^ abcdefghijklmnRichard F. W. Barnes 「ゾウ」犬塚則久訳『動物大百科 4 大型草食獣』今泉吉典監修 D.W.マクドナルド編、平凡社、1986年、8-16頁。
^ abcdefghiJeheskel Shoshani, "Taxonomy, Classification, and Evolution of Elephants," Biology, medicine, and surgery of elephants, Murray E. Fowler, Susan K. Mikota, (ed.), Blackwell Publishing, 2006, Pages 3-14.