Trasporti in Bielorussia

Bielorussia: carta geopolitica con rete stradale e ferroviaria

Questa voce raccoglie le principali tipologie di trasporti in Bielorussia.

Ferrovie

In totale: 5512 km di linee ferroviarie pubbliche gestite dalla Belorusskaja železnaja doroga[1].

  • scartamento "largo russo" (1520 mm): 5480 km, dei quali elettrificati 1264 km (1237,6 km - AC 25 kV e 27,5 kV; 26,4 km - DC 3,3 kV).
  • collegamento a reti estere contigue

Rete stradale

Strade pubbliche: in totale 93.055 km, tutte asfaltate (dati 2003).

Strade europee

Principali strade in Bielorussia

La Bielorussia è attraversata da 5 corridoi europei:

Strade maestre

La Bielorussia ha una rete di strade maestre, spesso con caratteristiche di superstrada a 4 corsie:

Sono inoltre presenti almeno un centinaio di strade locali, nominate con le sigle da P1 a P130.

Trasporto pubblico urbano

Tutte le città principali di Bielorussia hanno le reti di trasporto pubblico ben sviluppati. La priorità attuale è lo sviluppo di trasporti elettrici (metropolitana, tram, filobus IMC, bus elettrici).

Metropolitane

In Bielorussia una rete metropolitana è presente solo nella capitale, Minsk. La rete comprende 3 linee e 33 stazioni.

MAZ-203T70 - nuovo bus elettrico con carico in movimento (IMC)

Tranvie

Esistono sistemi tranviari nelle città di Minsk, Mazyr, Navapolatsk e Vicebsk.

Filovie

I primi bifilari sono stati installati nel 1952 a Minsk; poi sono sorte altre reti filoviarie a Homel' (1962), Mahilëŭ (1970), Hrodna (1974), Babrujsk e Vicebsk (1978), Brėst (1981).

Autolinee

In tutte le zone abitate sono presenti aziende pubbliche e private che gestiscono trasporti urbani, suburbani, interurbani e turistici esercitati con autobus. A Minsk l'operatore principale Minsktrans usa 80 bus elettrici (32 singoli E321 e 48 snodati E433) manufatti da un produttore bielorusso Belkommunmash.

Idrovie

Sono presenti 2500 km di acque potenzialmente navigabili[2], ma di fatto scarsamente usate, perché poco profonde o situate ai confini del paese.

Porti e scali

  • Mazyr, 4 navi di marina mercantile (al 2019)[2]

Trasporti aerei

Il territorio di Bielorussia è coperto da una rete di aeroporti. L'aeroporto principale è l'Aeroporto Nazionale di Minsk che serve tutti i voli regolari di Belavia e compagnie straniere. Gli aeroporti servono i voli charter sono Homel', Mahilëŭ, Vicebsk, Hrodna e Brėst.

Aeroporti

In totale: 65 (dati 2013)[2]

a) con piste di rullaggio pavimentate: 33 (al 2017)[2]

  • oltre 3047 m: 1
  • da 2438 a 3047 m: 20
  • da 1524 a 2437 m: 4
  • da 914 a 1523 m: 1
  • sotto 914 m: 7

b) con piste di rullaggio non lastricate: 32 (al 2013)[2]

  • oltre 3047 m: 1
  • da 2438 a 3047 m: 0
  • da 1524 a 2437 m: 1
  • da 914 a 1523 m: 2
  • sotto 914 m: 28

Eliporti

1 (2013)[2]

Altro

5.386 km di gasdotti, 1.589 km oleodotti, 1.730 km di raffinati (al 2013)[2]

Note

  1. ^ Официальный сайт - Белорусская железная дорога, su rw.by. URL consultato il 4 agosto 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Europe :: Belarus — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency, su cia.gov. URL consultato il 4 agosto 2020 (archiviato dall'url originale il 15 ottobre 2015).

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