Shīn

Disambiguazione – "Shin" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Shin (disambigua).

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Shīn (in arabo شين‎^? /ʃi:n/) è la tredicesima lettera dell'alfabeto arabo. Nella numerazione abjad essa può assumere due valori: 300 nella variante orientale, 1000 in quella occidentale (propria, cioè, del Maghreb).

Origine

Questa lettera, al pari di Sīn, deriva secondo alcuni da dell'alfabeto nabateo, secondo altri da ܫ dell'alfabeto siriaco. In ogni caso deriva da shin dell'alfabeto aramaico (), che nacque dalla sin dell'alfabeto fenicio (), generata dalla sims dell'alfabeto proto-cananeo ().

Fonetica

Foneticamente corrisponde alla fricativa postalveolare sorda (ʃ). Essa, cioè, è assimilabile alla combinazione nella lingua italiana sc davanti alle vocali e o i. Lo stesso suono è descritto nei paesi anglofoni dal digramma sh, in lingua francese da ch.

Scrittura e traslitterazione

Graficamente differisce da sīn esclusivamente dai tre punti che sovrastano il segno grafico.

Shīn viene scritta in varie forme in funzione della sua posizione all'interno di una parola:

Forma isolata	Forma finale	Forma intermedia	Forma iniziale
ﺵ	ـش…	…ـشـ…	…ﺷ

Nella traslitterazione dall'arabo scientifica è traslitterata š, ma la si trova comunemente anche come sh.

Sintassi

Shīn è una lettera solare. Ciò significa che quando a una parola che inizia con questa lettera è posto davanti l'articolo determinativo (ال alif lām, al), si verifica il fenomeno fonetico dell'assimilazione, con geminazione della consonante iniziale della parola. Pertanto, è necessario pronunciare l'articolo come se al posto della lettera lām ci fosse una seconda šīn.

Ad esempio شمس (shams, sole) diventa الشمس (alshams, il sole), che si pronuncia [aʃ'ʃams]

Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Šīn

V · D · M Alfabeto arabo
ا ʾalif · ب bāʾ · ت tāʾ · ث ṯāʾ · ج ǧīm · ح ḥāʾ · خ ḫāʾ · د dāl · ذ ḏāl · ر rāʾ · ز zāy · س sīn · ش šīn · ص ṣād
ض ḍād · ط ṭāʼ · ظ ẓāʼ · ع ʿayn · غ ġayn · ف fāʾ · ق qāf · ك kāf · ل lām · م mīm · ن nūn · ه hāʾ · و wāw · ي yāʾ
Lettere aggiuntive	ء hamza · ﺁ ʾalif madda · ة tāʾ marbūṭa · ﻯ ʾalif maqṣūra · لا lām ʾalif · ال ʾalif lām
Segni diacritici (ḥarakāt)	َ fatḥa · ِ kasra · ُ ḍamma · ّ šadda · ْ sukūn
Traslitterazione dall'arabo · Storia dell'alfabeto arabo · Numerazione abjad · Calligrafia araba

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