Qāf

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Qāf (in arabo قاف‎? /qɑ:f/) è la ventunesima lettera dell'alfabeto arabo. Nella numerazione abjad essa assume il valore 100.

Origine

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Storia dell'alfabeto arabo.

Questa lettera deriva secondo alcuni da dell'alfabeto nabateo, secondo altri da ܩ dell'alfabeto siriaco. In ogni caso deriva da qoph dell'alfabeto aramaico (), che nacque dalla qof dell'alfabeto fenicio (), generata dalla qup dell'alfabeto proto-cananeo ().

Fonetica

Foneticamente corrisponde alla occlusiva uvulare sorda (q). La presenza della qāf comporta uno scurimento della vocale cui è associata a causa di un fenomeno di assimilazione. Molto evidente è l'assimilazione della vocale di timbro a che viene attratta nella pronuncia posteriore fino a diventare /ɑ/ o /ɒ/.

Scrittura e traslitterazione

Qāf viene scritta in varie forme in funzione della sua posizione all'interno di una parola:

Forma isolata Forma finale Forma intermedia Forma iniziale
ﻕ ـق… …ـقـ… …قـ

Nella traslitterazione dall'arabo è comunemente associata a q.

Sintassi

Qāf è una lettera lunare. Ciò significa che quando ad una parola che inizia con questa lettera bisogna anteporre l'articolo determinativo (ال alif-lām al), esso non subirà alcuna modifica.

Ad esempio قمر (qamar, luna) diventa القمر (al-qamar, la luna), che si pronuncia [al'qamar].

Altri progetti

  Portale Linguistica: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di linguistica

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