La Motion Picture Association ("Organizzazione statunitense dei produttori cinematografici", MPA) è un'associazione formata per promuovere gli interessi degli studi cinematografici. I suoi membri sono i sei studi principali del cinema statunitense: Walt Disney, Sony, Paramount Pictures, Netflix, Universal Studios e Warner Bros. L'organizzazione produce il ben noto e volontario MPA film rating system.
Tra le funzioni principali della Motion Picture Association c'è quella di esercitare mediazioni tra le principali majors statunitensi e il mondo politico, indicando ad esempio quali argomenti o questioni sociali, culturali, economiche, etniche o strategiche privilegiare nella scelta dei copioni cinematografici.[1]
La MPAA è stata pesantemente criticata da alcuni libertari civili e attivisti a causa della sua forte opposizione alla violazione del copyright e al suo appoggio al Digital Millennium Copyright Act. La MPAA cerca di proteggere gli interessi dei suoi membri attraverso il lobbismo per la modifica delle leggi sul copyright e sul codice penale. Sta inoltre cercando di promuovere specifiche tecnologie digitali che sono viste come una violazione dei diritti degli utenti e una minaccia al libero scambio su Internet.
Per molto tempo il presidente della MPAA fu Jack Valenti, un noto lobbista attivo a Washington. Valenti fu nominato a questa carica nel 1966 e si è dimesso il 1º settembre 2004 a 82 anni. Gli è succeduto Dan Glickman.
I divieti dell'MPAA sono i seguenti, da anni usati negli Stati Uniti:
L'NC-17 consiste nel tassativo divieto ai minori ed è stato applicato nel 1990 per sostituire l'originario "X-rated", che però non fu mai registrato.
Quando i primi registratori VCR furono immessi sul mercato, la MPAA fu la prima che si oppose alla loro diffusione temendo un calo di spettatori nelle sale cinematografiche. Nel 1982 il presidente Jack Valenti disse: «Il VCR è per i produttori cinematografici e il pubblico americano quello che lo strangolatore di Boston è per una donna sola».[2]
MAFIAA (acronimo di Music And Film Industry Association of America) è un termine dispregiativo usato per indicare le aziende riunite nella RIAA e nella MPAA, paragonandole alla mafia. Tale termine è divenuto popolare grazie a un sito-burla[3], in cui viene dichiarato che il 1º aprile 2006 RIAA ed MPAA hanno annunciato la storica decisione di fondersi nella nuova organizzazione, allo scopo di fare fronte comune nella lotta contro la pirateria. Si tratta naturalmente di un pesce d'aprile. Probabilmente, il termine MAFIAA è stato lanciato durante una puntata del popolare show Real Time with Bill Maher, trasmesso dalla HBO.
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