Fukushima

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Fukushima (disambigua).
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando l'altra città nella Prefettura di Hokkaidō, vedi Fukushima (Hokkaidō).
Fukushima
città
福島市
Fukushima – Stemma
Fukushima – Bandiera
Fukushima – Veduta
Fukushima – Veduta
Localizzazione
StatoGiappone (bandiera) Giappone
RegioneTōhoku
Prefettura Fukushima
SottoprefetturaNon presente
DistrettoNon presente
Territorio
Coordinate37°37′28″N 140°34′15″E
Altitudine67 m s.l.m.
Superficie767,72 km²
Abitanti287 357 (2019)
Densità374,3 ab./km²
Altre informazioni
Cod. postale07201-0
Prefisso024
Fuso orarioUTC+9
Cartografia
Mappa di localizzazione: Giappone
Fukushima
Fukushima
Fukushima – Mappa
Fukushima – Mappa
Sito istituzionale

Fukushima (福島市?, Fukushima-shi) è una città del Giappone capoluogo della prefettura omonima sull'isola di Honshū. Nel 2019 la città contava circa 287.000 abitanti. È nota internazionalmente soprattutto per l' Incidente nucleare di Fukushima Dai-ichi, avvenuto presso l'omonima centrale a circa 60 km di distanza in linea d'aria.

Storia

Una volta veniva chiamata "Shinobu-no-sato," villaggio di Shinobu. Nel XII secolo, il signore feudale Suginome Taro costruì il castello Suginome e il villaggio cominciò a svilupparsi attorno al castello di Fukushima. Durante il periodo Edo, Fukushima cominciò a prosperare grazie alla produzione di seta e dei suoi tessuti e il suo nome divenne famoso anche a Kyoto. Dopo il "Rinnovamento Meiji" nel 1868 un ufficio della prefettura venne stabilito a Fukushima e la Banca del Giappone stabilì un ufficio nella città. Questa è stata la prima banca nazionale nella regione di Tōhoku.[1] La città venne fondata il 1º aprile del 1907. Il 1º luglio del 2008 la località di Iino, che apparteneva al Distretto di Date, venne annessa alla città di Fukushima.

L'incidente nella centrale nucleare

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Incidente nucleare di Fukushima Dai-ichi.

La città ha assunto un'improvvisa notorietà mondiale quando, a seguito del terremoto dell'11 marzo 2011 si è verificato un grave incidente alla centrale nucleare situata a 60 chilometri di distanza. I livelli di radiazioni raggiunti, malgrado non abbiano portato all'evacuazione dell'abitato, hanno indotto la popolazione a rimanere in casa la sera, riducendo le attività economiche notturne in città.[2]

Clima

Fukushima
(1991-2020)
Fonte: JMA[3]
Mesi Stagioni Anno
Gen Feb Mar Apr Mag Giu Lug Ago Set Ott Nov Dic InvPriEst Aut
T. max. media (°C) 5,87,111,217,723,125,929,130,526,220,514,58,67,217,328,520,418,3
T. media (°C) 1,92,55,911,717,220,724,325,521,615,69,54,32,911,623,515,613,4
T. min. media (°C) −1,5−1,21,36,412,116,620,821,918,011,75,20,7−0,76,619,811,69,3
T. max. assoluta (°C) 18,1
(1910)
21,4
(2016)
25,2
(2021)
32,2
(1998)
35,3
(2019)
36,7
(1987)
39,0
(2015)
39,1
(1942)
37,3
(2010)
30,3
(1946)
26,0
(2009)
22,4
(1953)
22,435,339,137,339,1
T. min. assoluta (°C) −15,0
(1909)
−18,5
(1891)
−12,9
(1936)
−5,5
(1934)
−1,2
(1896)
3,8
(1921)
9,1
(1976)
9,8
(1910)
4,8
(1897)
−1,7
(1907)
−6,6
(1889)
−13,5
(1926)
−18,5−12,93,8−6,6−18,5
Giorni di calura (Tmax ≥ 30 °C) 0,00,00,00,21,95,314,718,76,10,10,00,00,02,138,76,247,0
Giorni di gelo (Tmin ≤ 0 °C) 22,820,110,10,60,00,00,00,00,00,01,112,455,310,70,01,167,1
Giorni di ghiaccio (Tmax ≤ 0 °C) 0,50,40,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,11,00,00,00,01,0
Nuvolosità (okta al giorno) 6,96,76,66,67,28,18,47,97,87,16,56,86,86,88,17,17,2
Precipitazioni (mm) 56,241,175,781,888,5121,2177,7151,3167,6138,758,448,9146,2246,0450,2364,71 207,1
Giorni di pioggia 8,06,87,17,88,210,113,211,010,58,26,18,122,923,134,324,8105,1
Nevicate (cm) 49341410000001241071501123
Giorni di neve 9,97,93,40,30,00,00,00,00,00,00,15,022,83,70,00,126,6
Giorni di nebbia 0,70,30,40,40,20,30,40,20,31,01,20,61,61,00,92,56,0
Umidità relativa media (%) 68656158637277767673707067,760,7757369,1
Radiazione solare globale media (centesimi di MJ/) 7,810,713,816,818,016,314,714,911,910,07,86,625,148,645,929,7149,3
Ore di soleggiamento mensili 132,2144,8175,1189,7193,2141,4125,2148,7122,9133,7128,3118,7395,7558,0415,3384,91 753,9
Pressione a 0 metri s.l.m. (hPa) 1 007,41 007,81 007,31 005,91 003,81 001,21 001,01 002,41 005,71 009,21 010,31 008,61 007,91 005,71 001,51 008,41 005,9
Tensione di vapore (hPa) 4,84,75,67,912,017,323,024,419,513,08,55,85,18,521,613,712,2
Vento (direzione-m/s) WNW
2,5
WNW
2,7
WNW
2,8
NW
2,9
NE
2,6
NE
2,3
NE
2,1
NE
2,1
NE
2,0
WNW
2,0
WNW
2,2
WNW
2,4
2,52,82,22,12,4
Passo Tsuchiyu
(1991-2020)
Fonte: JMA[4]
Mesi Stagioni Anno
Gen Feb Mar Apr Mag Giu Lug Ago Set Ott Nov Dic InvPriEst Aut
T. max. media (°C) −3,8−2,90,87,414,117,320,621,817,611,95,7−0,7−2,57,419,911,79,2
T. media (°C) −6,2−5,8−2,53,59,713,617,518,514,48,52,6−3,2−5,13,616,58,55,9
T. min. media (°C) −8,7−8,7−5,80,26,010,815,116,011,95,7−0,2−5,7−7,70,114,05,83,0
T. max. assoluta (°C) 6,8
(1991)
11,8
(2004)
13,0
(2018)
20,6
(1998)
27,2
(2019)
27,6
(1987)
29,0
(2015)
29,4
(2015)
26,8
(2020)
24,6
(2004)
18,2
(1977)
15,3
(2018)
15,327,229,426,829,4
T. min. assoluta (°C) −16,4
(1997)
−20,3
(2001)
−14,0
(1977)
−10,7
(1987)
−3,4
(1991)
1,6
(1985)
5,8
(1983)
8,5
(2018)
0,4
(2001)
−3,9
(1983)
−10,3
(1983)
−14,6
(1984)
−20,3−14,01,6−10,3−20,3
Giorni di calura (Tmax ≥ 30 °C) 0,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,0
Giorni di gelo (Tmin ≤ 0 °C) 30,827,628,916,42,00,00,00,00,01,416,629,287,647,30,018,0152,9
Giorni di ghiaccio (Tmax ≤ 0 °C) 27,021,614,22,30,00,00,00,00,00,13,918,467,016,50,04,087,5
Precipitazioni (mm) 111,870,2115,1145,7165,8239,4318,7309,1297,6246,5124,7133,5315,5426,6867,2668,82 278,1
Giorni di pioggia 17,614,114,712,512,914,217,314,815,513,914,918,950,640,146,344,3181,3
Ore di soleggiamento mensili 38,860,6108,3156,9178,8125,3106,0139,3106,9110,786,448,8148,2444,0370,6304,01 266,8
Vento (direzione-m/s) W
4,1
W
4,3
W
4,1
W
3,7
W
3,1
W
2,3
W
2,4
W
2,2
W
2,2
W
2,9
W
3,6
W
4,0
4,13,62,32,93,2

Monumenti e luoghi di interesse

Museo prefetturale d'arte di Fukushima
Santuario di Fukushima Inari
Parco Hanamiyama

Parchi

Musei

Siti archeologici

Luoghi di culto

Impianti sportivi

Note

  1. ^ Toru Takeda, Tomio Hishinuma, Kinuyo Kamieda, Leigh Dale e Chiyoichi Oguma, Hello! Fukushima - International Exchange Guide Book, Fukushima, Fukushima Mimpo Press, 1988, p. 66.
  2. ^ Bars empty in lonely city near Japan nuclear accident, su reuters.com. URL consultato il 1º maggio 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 25 novembre 2015).
  3. ^ (JA) 過去の気象データ検索 福島県 福島
  4. ^ (JA) 過去の気象データ検索 福島県 鷲倉

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