Euphoniinae

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Euphoniinae
In alto E. hirundinacea
In basso E. concinna
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
PhylumChordata
SubphylumVertebrata
ClasseAves
SottoclasseNeornithes
SuperordineNeognathae
OrdinePasseriformes
SottordineOscines
InfraordinePasserida
SuperfamigliaPasseroidea
FamigliaFringillidae
SottofamigliaEuphoniinae
Cabanis, 1847
specie
Vedi testo

Gli Euphoniinae Cabanis, 1847 sono una sottofamiglia di uccelli passeriformi della famiglia Fringillidae[1].

Etimologia

Il nome scientifico della sottofamiglia deriva da quello delle eufonie, che ne costituiscono la maggioranza delle specie ascritte.

Descrizione

Alla sottofamiglia vengono ascritte specie di piccole dimensioni, che vanno dai 9 cm delle eufonie di minori dimensioni ai 12–13 cm delle clorofonie. Alla sottofamiglia vengono ascritte specie dalla conformazione massiccia, munite di becco conico corto e robusto, ali appuntite e coda squadrata.

La livrea è estremamente variabile, presentando generalmente area ventrale (petto, ventre e sottocoda) di colore giallo, calotta anch'essa di colore giallo, mentre il resto del piumaggio può essere verde (come accade nelle clorofonie), bruno o nero, talvolta con riflessi metallici blu o porpora: il dimorfismo sessuale è sempre molto evidente, con femmine dalla colorazione molto più sobria e dimessa.

Biologia

Alla sottofamiglia appartengono specie timide, dalle abitudini diurne, che si muovono da sole o a coppie: la loro dieta si basa prevalentemente su frutta e bacche, comprendendo anche piccoli semi ed insetti.
Le coppie collaborano nella costruzione del nido e nell'allevamento della prole, mentre la cova è apparentemente appannaggio esclusivo della femmina. I pulli schiudono ciechi ed implumi.

Distribuzione e habitat

I membri della sottofamiglia occupano un areale piuttosto vasto, che comprende gran parte del Sudamerica centrale e settentrionale, spingendosi a nord nell'America centrale fino al Messico meridionale e comprendendo anche alcune delle Grandi (Hispaniola, Giamaica, Porto Rico) e Piccole Antille.

Il loro habitat è rappresentato dalle aree alberate, con alcune specie specializzate negli ambienti più secchi o con presenza di radure, altre abitatrici della foresta pluviale ed altre che si spingono nella foresta nebulosa.

Tassonomia

Tradizionalmente la sottofamiglia degli Euphoniinae è stata per lungo tempo ascritta ai Thraupidae, in virtù della somiglianza morfologica: a seguito di analisi molecolari è emersa un'inaspettata parentela stretta coi fringillidi, fra i quali la sottofamiglia è stata pertanto spostata[2].

Alla sottofamiglia vengono ascritti due generi e trentadue specie:

Genere Euphonia

Genere Chlorophonia

Nell'ambito della famiglia Fringillidae, gli Euphoniinae formano un clade assieme ai Carduelinae, ben distanziato dai più basali Fringillinae[1].

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Fringillidae: Finches, Euphonias, su TiF Checklist. URL consultato il 27 settembre 2017.
  2. ^ Banks, R. C.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J. L.; Kratter, A. W.; Rasmussen, P. C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Rising, J. D.; Stotz, D. F., Forty-fourth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds, in The Auk, vol. 120, n. 3, 2003, p. 923–931, DOI:10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0923:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2.

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