Vertebrata

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Come leggere il tassobox
Vertebrati
Una tigre (Panthera tigris)
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
RamoBilateria
SuperphylumDeuterostomia
PhylumChordata
SubphylumVertebrata
Infraphyla e superclassi

I vertebrati (Vertebrata) sono un subphylum di animali cordati caratterizzati da una struttura scheletrica ossea e/o cartilaginea. Il tessuto osseo è evolutivamente anteriore a quello cartilagineo.[1]

Escluse le specie fossili, sono rappresentati da circa 50 000 specie di cui la metà sono pesci (agnati, condritti e osteitti). Gli uccelli sono il secondo gruppo tassonomico con 9 000 specie circa, seguiti dai rettili con circa 8 000 specie, dagli anfibi con quasi 8 000 specie e dai mammiferi con 5 000.

Nei vertebrati gli zuccheri in eccesso rispetto a quanto può essere accumulato sotto forma di glicogeno sono convertiti in grassi.

Struttura

Nell'embrione si nota una corda dorsale che è sostituita poi da una colonna vertebrale metamerica costituita da una struttura scheletrica molto robusta, formata dalla sovrapposizione di resistenti pezzi ossei chiamati vertebre, intercalati da dischetti cartilaginei che rendono la colonna flessibile. Il corpo è suddiviso in parti ben distinte:

  • capo
  • tronco
  • coda

Il collo si trova solo nei vertebrati terrestri. La coda compare in tutti gli individui, tranne che in alcuni primati e nelle rane, nei quali però è presente allo stadio embrionale. Il capo è sempre più specializzato per il grande sviluppo degli organi del sistema nervoso. Il tubo nervoso si differenzia in midollo spinale ed encefalo. Gli organi di senso sono molto complessi. Il tronco può essere a sua volta suddiviso in torace e addome, ai quali si innestano gli arti. Il celoma costituisce la cavità addominale, quella pericardica (cuore) e le cavità pleuriche (polmoni) nei vertebrati più evoluti.

Sistematica

Una vertebra di pesce delle dimensioni di pochi millimetri.

Secondo recenti analisi molecolari, le missine (Myxini) appartengono anch'esse al subphylum dei vertebrati. Altri, invece, considerano le missine come il sister group dei vertebrati all'interno del taxon Craniata.

Classificazione da Janvier (1981, 1997), Shu et al. (2003), e Benton ([1]).

Note

  1. ^ Emanuele Padoa, Manuale di anatomia comparata dei vertebrati, Milano, Feltrinelli, 1995, p.37

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

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