Amsterdam

Amsterdam

Bandiera de {{{official_name}}}
Bandiera
Scuto de armas of {{{official_name}}}
Scuto de armas
Nomine native Amsterdam
Classe citate, place with town rights and privileges[*], citate grande[*], port settlement[*], cadastral populated place in the Netherlands[*], cycling city[*], largest city[*], national capital[*]
Pais Paises Basse, Reichskommissariat Niederlande[*], Paises Basse, United Kingdom of the Netherlands[*], Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands[*], Francia, Kingdom of Holland[*], Batavian Republic[*], Republica del Septe Paises Basse Unite[*], Habsburg Netherlands[*], Burgundian Netherlands[*], County of Holland[*]
Population 921 468
Area 219 km² Edit this on Wikidata
Situate in Amsterdam[*], Amstel Department[*], County of Holland[*], Holland Department[*], Amstelland Department[*], Zuyderzée[*], Holland[*], Hollanda del Nord
Altitude −2 m Edit this on Wikidata
Coordinatas 52°22'N, 4°53'E
Citates gemine Varna[*], Alger, Athenas, Bogotá, Brasilia, Istanbul, Jakarta, Kiev, Managua, Manchester (Anglaterra), Montreal, Moscova, Nicosia, Beijing, Recife, Riga, Sarajevo, Willemstad[*], Beira[*], Rio de Janeiro, Santiago de Cali, Ramallah[*], London
Fuso horari UTC+01:00, Hora Central Europee[*], UTC+02:00[*]
Geonames ID 2759794
Sito web: https://amsterdam.nl
Wikimedia Commons Category
Amsterdam

Amsterdam[1] es le capital e le plus large citate de Paises Basse, locate in le provincia de Hollanda del Nord in le west del pais. Le citate, que habeva un population de circa 1 million (inclusive le suburbios) le 1 de januario 2008, comprehende le parte del nord del Randstad, le sexte plus large area metropolitan in Europa, con un population de circa 6,7 milliones.

Su nomine se deriva de Amstel dam, indicative del origine del citate: un dica (dam) in le fluvio Amstel ubi le Placia del Dam es hodie. Establite como un village de pisca in le seculo 20 tarde, Amsterdam deveniva un del plus importante portos in le mundo in le Era auree nederlandese, gratias a su disveloppamentos innovative in commercio. In celle tempore, le citate esseva le centro principe de financias e diamantes.[2]. In le seculo 19 e 20, le citate cresceva e plure nove vicinitates e suburbios esseva create.

Le citate es le capital financiari e cultural de Paises Basse. Plure institutiones nederlandese ha su centros illac, como septe del 500 firmas le plus grande. Le Bursa de Amsterdam, parte de Euronext, es locate in le centro del citate. Le attractiones touristic de Amsterdam include le Canales de Amsterdam, le Rijksmuseum (Museo National), le Museo de van Gogh, le Casa de Anne Frank; iste attractiones attrahe 4,2 milliones de touristas per anno.

Historia

Le prime usage recordate del parola "Amsterdam" data del 27 de octobre 1275, quando su habitantes, qui habeva construite un ponte con un dica trans le Amstel, esseva exempate de pagar un pedage per le conte Floris V.[3] Le certificato describe le habitantes como homines matentes apud Amestelledamme ("homines vivente circa de Amstelledamme"). In 1327, le nomine habeva disveloppate a "Aemsterdam."

In le seculo 16 comenciava le guerra de Hollandia pro le independentia contra Espania. Malgrado le leges espaniol, Amsterdam cambiava su leges in le anno 1578. Como resultato esseva reinstaurate le libertate de culto, un movimento multo progressistic pro su epocha. Le guerras sancte ardian in tote Europa e multe gente trovava un refugio contra le persecutiones religiose. Multe familias hebree de Espania e Portugal, commerciantes de Ambra e huguenottes de Francia trovava refugio in Amsterdam. Iste gruppos portava su negotios con se, meliorante le opulentia del citate.

Le seculo 17 esseva le era auree del Amsterdam. Naves de Amsterdam arrivava usque America de Nord, Indonesia, Brasil e Africa, construente un imponente imperio in le processo. Le famose pictor Rembrandt viveva in iste seculo, e le citate se expandeva proxime de su canales durante iste periodo. Amsterdam se converteva in le porto le plus importante del mundo e in un centro international de financias. Al fin del seculo 17, le citate habeva 200.000 personas, le tertie plus grande in le mundo (post London e Paris).

Le seculos 18 e 19 poneva fin al prosperitate de Amsterdam. Le guerras contra Anglaterra e Francia produceva multe problemas al citate. Al fin del seculo 19 le revolution industrial attingeva Amsterdam. Esseva construite viaductos usque al mar e le riviera Rin, que poteva ameliorar su communication con le resto de Europa e del mundo. Amsterdam obteneva un novo impulso, sed nihil poteva facer lo reacquirer su suprematia anterior.

Le Prime Guerra Mundial non influeva sur Amsterdam proque le Paises Basse se manteneva neutral, tamen le commercio e le industria esseva colpate. Durante le Secunde Guerra Mundial, le armea german occupava le citate le 15 de maio 1940 e circa 100.000 personas hebree esseva exiliate de Amsterdam, lo que eliminava su population hebree quasi completemente. Ante le guerra, Amsterdam esseva le centro mundial del commercio de diamantes. Como iste commercio era gerite quasi exclusivemente per commerciantes hebree, illo dispareva quasi completemente post le guerra. Amsterdam continua esser un citate importante pro le commercio de diamantes, sed le citate de Antwerpen in Belgica es le actual capital mundial del dicite mercato.

Demographia

Osdorp, un vicinitate multicultural.

In le seculos 16 e 17, immigrantes a Amsterdam esseva principalmente huguenotes, flamingos, sephardes, e westphalianos. Le huguenotes partiva pro Amsterdam post le Edicto de Fontainebleau in 1685, que dava le libertate de coler. Le westphalianos protestante partiva pro Amsterdam durante le Guerra de octanta annos. Ante le Secunde Guerra Mundial, un decimo (10%) del citate esseva judee.

Le prime immigration massa in le seculo 20 esseva de Indonesia, qui partiva pro Amsterdam post le Revolution National de India in le annos 1940 e 1950. In le annos 1960, laboratores invitate de Turchia, Marocco, Italia e Espania emigrava a Amsterdam. Post le independentia de Surinam de 1975, plure surinamos se establiva in le vicinitate de Bijlmermeer in le citate. Altere immigrantes, inclusive cercatores de asylo e immigrantes illegal, veniva de Europa, America, Asia, e Africa. In le annos 1970 e 1980, plure amsterdameros 'vetere' partiva pro altere citates como Almere e Purmerend, stimulate per un lege planologic. Iste lege promoveva suburbanisation e creava nove disveloppamentos, o (nederlandese) groeikernen - litteralmente, "nucleos de crescimento."

Sport

Amsterdam es le casa de Ajax, un equipa del Dutch Football League. Le equipa joca ante su publico in le moderne stadio Amsterdam ArenA, localisate al sudest del citate.

In 1928, Amsterdam esseva le sede del none Jocos Olympic. Le Stadio Olympic construite pro le occasion esseva completemente restaurate, e actualmente illo es usate pro eventos cultural e sportive.

Ligamines externe

  • I amsterdam, portal del citate pro visitatores international.

Referentias

  1. Derivation: Entitates: 1. (it) Amsterdam || 2. (es) Ámsterdam || (pt) Amesterdão || 3. (fr) Amsterdam || 4. (en) Amsterdam || Controlo: (de) Amsterdam || (ru) Амстердам || - (Extra): (la) Amstelodamum
  2. (anglese) Cassis, Youssef. Capitals of Capital -A History of International Financial Centres - 1780–2005, ISBN-13: 9780521845359
  3. (nl) Berns, Jan, e Jo Daan. Hij zeit wat: de Amsterdamse volkstaal. Le Hague. 90-6291-756-9.

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