פרוטו-יוונית

היסטוריה של היוונית
אלפבית יווני - כתב ליניארי ב'
פרוטו-יוונית
(בערך 2000 לפנה"ס)
יוונית מיקנית
(בערך 1600 לפנה"ס–1100 לפנה"ס)
יוונית עתיקה
(בערך 800 לפנה"ס–300 לפנה"ס)
דיאלקטים יווניים:
איולית, ארקדו-קיפרית, אטית-איונית,
דורית; יוונית הומרית
דיאלקט אפשרי: מקדונית

יוונית קוינה
(מ-300 לפנה"ס)
יוונית ביזנטית
(בערך 330 אחרי-הספירה–1453)
יוונית מודרנית (מ-1453)
צאקונית, יווניטיקה, קאתארבוסה, דימוטיקי, יוונית פונטית,
יוונית מודרנית סטנדרטית, קפריסאית יוונית, יוונית כרתאית

פרוטו-יוונית היא שפה עתיקה משוערת ומשוחזרת. היא נחשבת לאב הקדמון של כל הניבים היווניים: מהשפה המיקנית, דרך ארבעת הניבים העתיקיםדורי, האטי, האיולי והיוני), ולבסוף, שפת הקוינה ויוונית מודרנית. חלק מחוקרי היוונית מכלילים גם את השפה המקדונית העתיקה כ"צאצאית" של שפה פרוטו-הלנית קדומה עוד יותר, או כצאצאית של הפרוטו-יוונית.

שפה זו דוברה בסוף האלף ה-3 לפנה"ס, כנראה באזור הבלקן. הפרוטו-יווניים היו מהגרים הלנים, שדיברו את שפת-הבת, המיקנית, והגיעו לתוך יוון בין המאה ה-21 וה-17 שלפנה"ס. הם נפרדים מהיוונים הדורים, שהגיעו ליוון כאלף שנה אחר-כך (ראו הפלישה הדורית ותקופת המעבר ביוון), ודיברו ניב שהיה יותר עתיק משאר הניבים (ראו יוונית דורית).

ערך זה הוא קצרמר בנושא שפות. אתם מוזמנים לתרום לוויקיפדיה ולהרחיב אותו.

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