פיודור השלישי, צאר רוסיה

פיודור השלישי
Фёдор III Алексеевич
לידה 9 ביוני 1661
מוסקבה
פטירה 7 במאי 1682 (בגיל 20)
מוסקבה
מדינה רוסיה הצארית
מקום קבורה קתדרלת המלאך מיכאל
בת זוג היה נשוי פעמיים
שושלת בית רומנוב
תואר צאר רוסיה
אב אלכסיי הראשון
אם מריה מילוסלבסקי
צאצאים איליה פיודורוביץ' עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
צאר רוסי
18 ביולי 16767 במאי 1682
(5 שנים)

פיודור השלישירוסית: Фёдор III Алексеевич; ‏ 9 ביוני 1661 - 7 במאי 1682) היה הצאר השלישי ממשפחת רומנוב.

חייו

פיודור התחנך על ידי כומר ממערב רוסיה וכתוצאה מכך היה קרוב לתרבות הפולנית. הוא היה בן אדם משכיל, דיבר באופן חופשי פולנית ולטינית, אהב שירה ומוזיקה. לאחר פטירת אחיו הבכור אלכסיי, הוכרז כיורש העצר. כמו כל אחיו היה חולני מילדות.

במהלך כהונתו הקצרה הצליח להעביר מספר החלטות חשובות ולבצע מספר רפורמות:

פטירתו בגיל צעיר השאירה את המדינה במצב לא ברור בהיבט העברת השלטון. אחיו איוואן החמישי אומנם היה בן 16, אך חולני והבויארים חששו שלא יאריך ימים. אחיו הנוסף פיוטר היה בן 10 בלבד. על רקע זה החל מרד צבאי במוסקבה. עם סיומו שני האחים החלו בכהונה משותפת ואחותם סופיה התמנתה לעוצר לידם.

המשפחה

פיודור התחתן עם אצילה ממוצא פולני, אגפיה גרושצקיה. כתוצאה מכך חל שינוי מהותי בחצר הצאר. בפעם הראשונה האצילים החלו להופיע בבגדים מערביים.

בקיץ 1681 אשתו נפטרה במהלך הלידה, וזמן קצר לאחר מכן נפטר גם בנם. בפברואר 1682 התחתן פעם שנייה עם מרפה אפרקסינה, אך אשתו הייתה צארינה רק במשך 71 ימים.

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