Leuconostoc

Leuconostoc[1] é un xénero de bacterias grampositivas, clasificado na familia Leuconostocaceae. Son xeralmente cocos ovoides que a miúdo forman cadeas, son inmóbiles e non forman esporas. Os Leuconostoc spp. son intrinsecamente resistentes á vancomicina e son catalase negativos (o cal serve para distinguilos dos estafilococos). Todas as especies deste xénero son heterofermentativas e poden sintetizar dextrano a partir de sacarosa. Son bacterias quimioorganoheterótrofas e anaerobias facultativas, que non poden facer a respiración celular, polo que dependen da fermentación de azucres a ácido láctico,etanol ou acetato e C02. Xeralmente forman limos.

Causan o cheiro orixinado cando se forma masa fermentada iniciadora. Algunhas especies poden causar infeccións en humanos.[2] Como son unha causa pouco común de doenzas en humanos, os kits comerciais de identificación estándar normalmente non serven para identificar estes organismos.[3]

O xénero Leuconostoc é, xunto con outras bacterias do ácido láctico como Pediococcus e Lactobacillus, responsable de fermentacións alimentarias como a do repolo, para facer chucrut. Tamén forma parte das colonias simbióticas de microbios que interveñen na fermentación do quefir, unha bebida láctea fermentada.[4] Neste proceso os azucres que se encontran no repolo fresco son transformados en ácido láctico, o que lle dá ao chucrut o seu sabor acedo e as súas cualidades de duración.

Notas

  1. Björkroth, J., and W. Holzapfel. 2006. Genera Leuconostoc, Oenococcus and Weissella, p.267 -319. In M. Dworkin (ed.), The prokaryotes: a handbook on the biology of bacteria: Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, vol. 4, 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY. [1]
  2. Vagiakou-Voudris E, Mylona-Petropoulou D, Kalogeropoulou E, Chantzis A, Chini S, Tsiodra P, Malamou-Lada E (2002). "Scand J Infect Dis". Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases 34 (10): 766–7. PMID 12477331. doi:10.1080/00365540260348572. 
  3. Kulwichit W, Nilgate S, Chatsuwan T; et al. (2007). "Accuracies of Leuconostoc phenotypic identification: a comparison of API systems and conventional phenotypic assays". BMC Infectious Diseases 7: 69. PMC 1947989. PMID 17605772. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-69. 
  4. Farnworth, Edward R (4 April 2005). "Kefir-a complex probiotic" (PDF). Food Science and Technology Bulletin: Functional Foods 2 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1616/1476-2137.13938. Arquivado dende o orixinal (PDF) o 14 de maio de 2014. Consultado o 20 December 2014. 

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