Drûchlizzing (alkoholferbod)

De Kanadeeske plysje lit yn 1925 fetten yllegale sterke drank leechrinne dy't by in ynfal yn Elk Lake yn beslach nommen binne.

Drûchlizzing (foarhinne stavere as droechlizzing) is it ferbieden fan 'e produksje, de opslach, it ferfier, de ferkeap, it besit en de konsumpsje fan alkoholhâldende dranken, lykas wyn, bier en sterke drank. Soks kin dien wurde op nasjonale basis, foar in hiel lân, mar it kin ek gean om subnasjonale gebieten, lykas steaten, provinsjes of distrikten. Mei de term 'druchlizzing' wurdt ek wol ferwiisd nei in perioade yn 'e skiednis fan in lân doe't sa'n ferbod fan krêft wie, benammen yn it gefal fan 'e Feriene Steaten, dêr "de Drûchlizzing" ferwiist nei it tiidrek tusken 1920 en 1933.

Skiednis

It ierst bekende gefal fan in drûchlizzing datearret út it Keizerryk Sina ûnder de Xia-dynasty (2070 f.Kr. – 1600 f.Kr.). Yu de Grutte, de stifter fan dy dynasty, lei ûnder syn regear it near op alkohol yn syn hiele ryk, mar it waard nei syn ferstjerren wer legalisearre troch syn soan en opfolger Qi. In oar tige ier foarbyld is de Kodeks Hammoerabi, dy't omtrint 1754 f.Kr. yn it Aldbabyloanyske Ryk ynfierd waard troch kening Hammoerabi. Dêryn waard spesifyk de ferkeap fan bier foar jild oan bannen lein, mar net de ruilhannel foar bier. It doel wie om it dreger te meitsjen om oan bier te kommen, mar net hielendal ûnmooglik, om't dat miskien ta rebûlje laat hie.

Yn 'e twadde helte fan 'e njoggentjinde iuw en de iere tweintichste iuw krewearren yn in grut part fan 'e Westerske wrâld hielûnthâldersorganisaasjes foar in ferbod op alkohol. Dat waard gauris dien troch bibelfêste protestanten, dy't hannelen út moralistyske oertsjûgings. De opkomst fan hielûnthâldersorganisaasjes en it stribjen nei drûchlizzing foel gear mei de striid foar it frouljuskiesrjocht en rekke dêrmei ferbûn, om't húslik geweld tsjin froulju gauris mei dronkenskip te krijen hie. Sadwaande folge der yn 'e earste desennia fan 'e tweintichste iuw in weach fan nasjonale drûchlizzings sadree't froulju it kiesrjocht krigen hiene:

Oer it algemien bliek de drûchlizzing nei ferrin fan ferskate jierren net te wurkjen. It smokkeljen en yllegaal stoken fan alkohol naam almar ta en ûntjoech him ta ien fan 'e wichtichste wurkmêden fan 'e organisearre misdie. Doe't bliken die dat it middel slimmer wie as de kwaal, besleat men hast oeral tsjin 'e ein fan 'e 1920-er jierren of oan it begjin fan 'e 1930-er jierren om it ferbod mar op te heffen.

Hjoeddeistige sitewaasje

Yn 'e Westerske wrâld besteane tsjintwurdich gjin lannen en territoaria mear dêr't in nasjonale drûchlizzing fan krêft is. Wol binne yn 'e Feriene Steaten noch in oansjenlik tal countys "drûch", benammen yn it Amerikaanske Suden. Yn 'e Skandinavyske lannen besteane oeral (útsein yn Denemark) beheinings op it mêd fan 'e beskikberens fan alkohol, dy't dêr yn steatswinkels ferkocht wurdt om't de oerheid der it monopoalje op hat. Yn in protte moslimlannen is lykwols noch altyd in drûchlizzing fan krêft om't it drinken fan alkohol tsjin 'e lear fan 'e islaam yngiet. Om dy reden is yn bgl. Afganistan, Iraan, Jemen, Koeweit en Saûdy-Araabje alle alkohol ferbean. Yn oare islamityske lannen jildt de drûchlizzing inkeld foar moslims, mar net foar oanhingers fan oare godstsjinsten. Sa'n sitewaasje bestiet yn bgl. Maleizje en Pakistan.

Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes

Boarnen, noaten en/as referinsjes:

Foar boarnen en oare literatuer, sjoch ûnder: Notes en References, op dizze side.


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