Xerxès d'Arménie

Page d’aide sur l’homonymie

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Xerxès.

Sauf précision contraire, les dates de cet article sont sous-entendues « avant l'ère commune » (AEC), c'est-à-dire « avant Jésus-Christ ».

Xerxès
Illustration.
Titre
Roi d'Arménie
ca. 228 – ca. 212
Prédécesseur Arsamès
Successeur Abdissarès
Satrape de Commagène
ca. 228 – ca. 212
Prédécesseur Arsamès
Successeur ? (puis Ptolémée de Commagène)
Biographie
Dynastie Orontides
Date de décès ca. 212
Père Arsamès (?)
Conjoint Antiochis II
Enfants Ptolémée de Commagène (?)
modifier 

Xerxès (en arménien Շավարշ, [Šavarš] ; en grec ancien Ξέρξης, [Xerxès] ; en vieux-perse Ḫšayāršā), fils putatif d'Arsamès, est un roi d'Arménie de la dynastie orontide de la fin du IIIe siècle av. J.-C.

Origine

Bien qu'il n'y ait pas de preuves indiscutables, Cyrille Toumanoff estime « qu'il est difficile d'échapper à l'impression que Xerxès était un fils de Arsamès » dans la mesure où il règne après lui et contrôle Arsamosate, la capitale que son prédécesseur a fondée. De plus, Xerxès doit renouveler le tribut et accepter la vassalité qui avaient été imposés à Arsamès par Séleucos II[1].

Biographie

Au printemps 212, Xerxès est assiégé dans sa capitale Arsamosate ; il réussit à quitter la place mais doit se soumettre au Séleucide Antiochos III[2], reconnaître sa suzeraineté et lui verser un tribut de 300 talents, de 1 000 chevaux et de 1 000 poulains, et d'épouser une de ses sœurs[3], Antiochis II[4].

Xerxès est tué par son épouse lorsque cette dernière apprend qu'il va trahir son frère[5]. Selon Cyrille Toumanoff, il a comme successeur ses deux frères putatifs Abdissarès et Orontès IV[6] ; ensuite l'Arménie est placée sous l'autorité des stratèges Artaxias Ier et Zariadris, qui sont peut-être eux aussi issus des Orontides.

Xerxès est également connu par une monnaie représentant à l'avers le buste du roi portant une tiare pointue et au revers la légende en grec « ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΞΕΡΞΟΥ » (i.e. Basileos Xerxès) avec la déesse Athéna debout couronnant le nom de Xerxès[7].

Postérité

Cyrille Toumanoff émet l'hypothèse que Xerxès soit le père de Ptolémée, gouverneur puis roi de Commagène[8].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ (en) Cyrille Toumanoff, Studies in Christian Caucasian History, Georgetown, Georgetown University Press, , III, p. 282-283.
  2. ↑ René Grousset, Histoire de l’Arménie des origines à 1071 [détail des éditions], p. 80.
  3. ↑ Marie-Louise Chaumont et Giusto Traina, « Les Arméniens entre l'Iran et le monde gréco-romain (Ve siècle av. J.-C.-vers 300 ap. J.-C. », dans Gérard Dédéyan (dir.), Histoire du peuple arménien, Privat, Toulouse, 2007 (ISBN 978-2-7089-6874-5), p. 113.
  4. ↑ Polybe, Histoire, Éditions Gallimard, La Pléiade, Paris, 1970, Livre VIII, chapitre IV : « Les affaires d'Asie », § 23.
  5. ↑ Jean d'Antioche, frag. 53, éd C. Müller, Fragmenta historicorum graecorum, 5 vols., Paris, 1841-70, IV, p. 557.
  6. ↑ (en) Cyrille Toumanoff, op. cit., p. 282.
  7. ↑ Victor Langlois, Numismatique de l'Arménie, C. Rollin & A. Durand Libraires-Éditeurs, Paris, 1859, p. 13-15.
  8. ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff, Les dynasties de la Caucasie chrétienne de l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle : Tables généalogiques et chronologiques, Rome, , p. 395-396.

Bibliographie

v · m
Arménie
Sophène
Commagène
Les capitales
Situation Dynastie suivante (Arménie et Sophène) : Artaxiades

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