Pierre Attaingnant

Pierre Attaingnant
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Exemple de partition imprimée selon le procédé de Pierre Attaingnant en 1544.

Naissance vers 1494
Drapeau du Royaume de France Royaume de France
Décès 1551 ou 1552
Activité principale imprimeur-libraire

Pierre Attaingnant (ou Attaignant), né vers 1494 et mort en 1551 ou 1552, est un imprimeur-libraire français établi rue de la Harpe à Paris. Il invente en 1528 un procédé d'impression de la musique par caractères mobiles et devient le premier et principal éditeur de musique en France.

Biographie

Arrivé de Douai, Attaingnant fait son apprentissage chez l'imprimeur et graveur sur bois Philippe Pigouchet, un des deux principaux imprimeurs sur la place de Paris à cette époque, suivant de peu l'invention de l'imprimerie à caractères mobiles par Johannes Gutenberg (1451). En 1514 il est décrit dans un acte notarié comme étant « libraire, vivant à Paris » et épouse la fille de Pillippe Pigouchet. La première publication connue de Pierre Attaingnant, vers 1525, est un bréviaire destiné au chapitre de Noyon.

À cette époque, la musique était très majoritairement manuscrite et l'impression de la musique commençait tout juste à se réaliser, notamment en Italie avec Ottaviano Petrucci, mais à l'aide d'un procédé complexe et coûteux. Une première opération consistait à imprimer globalement les lignes de la portée musicale, puis les notes étaient imprimées en sur-impression, suivi dans une troisième opération des textes. En France, il n'existait pas encore d'imprimerie de partitions musicales, alors que le répertoire de chansons de compositeurs français est très populaire à l'époque, et est même un des principaux sujets d'édition de Petrucci en Italie.

En 1528, il met au point un procédé permettant l'impression de la musique avec des caractères mobiles et en une seule opération. Le premier volume publié cette même année est un recueil de chansons de Clément Jannequin. Il obtient en 1538 la charge de libraire et imprimeur du roi.

Les recueils qu'il publie se composent de livres de motets, de messes, de chansons, et de tablatures pour luth, orgue, manicordions et épinette.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

  • Daniel Heartz, Pierre Attaingnant, royal printer of music : a historical study and bibliography catalogue, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1969 (ISBN 0-520-01563-0)
  • Martin Ham, « Attaingnant and the O Antiphons of the Liber septimus », French Renaissance music and beyond : studies in memory of Frank Dobbins, ed. Marie-Alexis Colin, Turnhout, Brepols, 2018, p. 387-404.
  • Henri Vanhulst et Alicia Scarcez, « Les éditions de musique polyphonique de Pierre Attaingnant retrouvées depuis 1969 », French Renaissance music and beyond : studies in memory of Frank Dobbins, ed. Marie-Alexis Colin, Turnhout, Brepols, 2018, p. 631-670.
  • Geneviève B. Bazinet, Pierre Attaingnant’s Encyclopedia of Sacred Music: The 1534-1539 Motet Series. PhD dissertation, Schulich School of Music, McGill University, Montreal, August 2013.

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