Onondaga (langue)

Onondaga
Onoñdaʔgegáʔ nigaweñoʔdeñʔ
Pays Canada, États-Unis
Région Ontario, État de New York
Classification par famille
Codes de langue
IETF ono
ISO 639-3 ono
Étendue langue individuelle
Type langue vivante
Glottolog onon1246

L'onondaga est une langue iroquoienne du Nord parlée dans l'État de New York et en Ontario sur la réserve des Six-Nations par le peuple Onondaga.

La langue est en danger : seul un nombre réduit de personnes, toutes âgées, la parlent encore.
L'onondaga, nommé par les Français onnontagué était une des langues de la confédération iroquoise des Cinq-Nations.

Phonologie

consonnes

  Bilabiale Dentale Palatale Post-alv. Vélaire Glottale
Occlusive t [t] k [k]
kw []
ʔ [ʔ]
Fricative s [s] h [h]
Affriquée ts [ts]
Nasale n [n]  
Semi-voyelle w [w] y [j]

L'onondaga, comme les autres langues iroquoiennes, ne distingue pas entre consonnes sourdes et sonores. Devant une voyelle la plupart des occlusives, affriquées et fricatives, à savoir t, k, kw, ts deviennent sonores.

Voyelles

Antérieure Centrale Postérieure
Fermée i [i] ų [ũ]
Moyenne ę [ɛ̃] e [e] o [o]
Ouverte æ [æ] a [a]  

Morphologie

L'onondaga est une langue polysynthétique, ayant des formes morphologiques nombreuses sur les verbes. La morphologie des noms est moins complexe. En plus, il y a des particules monomorphiques avec propriétés grammaticales.

Morphologie verbale

Les verbes onondagas incluent trois classes aspectuelles (voir dessous) : les verbes actifs, les verbes de mouvement, et les verbes statifs. Il y a quatre aspects en onondaga : habituel (HAB), statif (STAT), ponctuel (PUNC - de l'anglais 'punctual'), et purposif (PURP).

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

  • (en) Abrams, Percy, 2006, Onondaga Pronominal Prefixes, Department of Linguistics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Thèse de doctorat.
  • (en) Chafe, Wallace L., 1970, A Semantically Based Sketch of Onondaga, Indiana University Publications in Anthropology and Linguistics, Memoir 25 de l'International Journal of American Linguistics.
  • (en) Michelson, Karin, 1988. A Comparative Study of Lake-Iroquoian Accent, Dordrecht, Kluwer.
  • (en) Woodbury, Hanni, 1975a, 1975, Onondaga Noun Incorporation: Some Notes on the Interdependence of Syntax and Semantics, International Journal of American Linguistics 41 (1):10-20.
  • (en) Woodbury, Hanni, 1975b, 1975, Noun Incorporation in Onondaga, Department of Linguistics, Yale University, Thèse de doctorat.
  • (en + ono) Hanni Woodbury, Onondaga-English/English-Onondaga Dictionary, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, (ISBN 0-8020-3733-X, lire en ligne)
  • (en) Woodbury, Hanni, 2018, A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language, Toronto, University of Toronto Press.

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