Miguel Miramón

Miguel Miramón
Illustration.
Fonctions
Président des États-Unis mexicains
Gouvernement conservateur

(1 an, 6 mois et 11 jours)
Prédécesseur José Mariano Salas
Successeur José Ignacio Pavón

(4 mois et 9 jours)
Prédécesseur José Ignacio Pavón
Successeur Benito Juárez
Biographie
Nom de naissance Miguel Gregorio de la Luz Atenógenes Miramón y Tarelo
Date de naissance
Lieu de naissance Mexico (Mexique)
Date de décès (à 34 ans)
Lieu de décès Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro (Mexique)
Nature du décès Exécution par arme à feu
Sépulture Cathédrale de Puebla
Parti politique Parti conservateur
Père Bernardo de Miramón (es)
Conjoint Concepción Lombardo (es)
Profession Militaire
Religion Catholicisme
Liste des chefs d'État du Mexique

Miguel Miramón, né le à Mexico (Mexique) et mort exécuté le au Cerro de las Campanas au Querétaro (Mexique), est un général et homme d'État mexicain. Il est à deux reprises président du gouvernement conservateur durant la guerre de Réforme[1],[2],[3],[4] à l'issue de laquelle est il est vaincu à la bataille de Calpulalpan et fuit le pays.

Général de l'empereur Maximilien du Mexique, au service du Second Empire mexicain, il est appréhendé par les troupes républicaines en même temps que l'empereur, et condamné et fusillé en même temps que lui et que Tomás Mejía. L'histoire le dépeint comme un traître et son nom est rarement mentionné comme un héros, mais Miguel Miramón est l'un des cadets qui se trouvait au château de Chapultepec lors de l'attaque des Américains sur le Mexique[5].

En 1846, Miramón entre au Collège militaire et à seulement 15 ans, il fait partie des centaines de jeunes qui affrontent les Américains, un acte de courage car, en tant que cadets, ils ne sont pas obligés de participer.

En 1847, l'armée américaine s'avança au Mexique et arriva dans la ville en août, après plusieurs batailles, elle se prépara à l'attaque finale qui se déroulerait dans la capitale au cours du mois de septembre[5].

En 1851, il est nommé lieutenant d'artillerie et plus tard en 1853 promu capitaine du deuxième bataillon actif de Puebla et la même année commandant du bataillon actif de Baja California.

Annexes

Notes et références

  1. (es) Biblioteca Digital UANL, Nuevo León, México, 1933.
  2. (es) Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de México, San Ángel, México, D.F (INEHRM)
  3. (es) Gobernates de México, Panorama Editorial, 1985.
  4. (es) Cancilleres del México Independiente sur Abctlaxcala.com
  5. a et b (es) « Miguel Miramón, el séptimo niño héroe », sur México Desconocido, (consulté le )

Bibliographie

  • (es) Lucas Alamán, Historia de México desde los primeros movimientos que prepararon su independencia en 1808 hasta la época presente, México D.F., Fondo de Cultura Económica,
  • (es) Carmen Blázquez Domínguez, Veracruz, una historia compartida, Mexico, Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, Instituto Veracruzano de Cultura, , 369 p. (ISBN 968-6173-60-9)
  • (es) Francisco Bulnes, La guerra de Independencia, México, Distrito Federal, 1910.,
  • (es) Carlos María de Bustamante, Cuadro histórico de la Revolución mexicana, México D.F., INEHRM, (réimpr. 1985)
  • (es) Luis Garfias Magana, Guerrilleros de México : Personajes famosos y sus hazanas, desde la Independencia hasta le Revolución mexicana, México D.F., Panorama, , 138 p.
  • Alexander Von Humboldt, Essai politique sur le royaume de la Nouvelle-Espagne, Paris,
  • (es) Luis Pazos, Historia sinóptica de México : de los Olmecas a Salinas, México D.F., Diana, , 165 p. (ISBN 968-13-2560-5)
  • (es) Guillermo Prieto, Memorias de mis tiempos, Editorial Pátria, (réimpr. 1906)
  • Vicente Rivas Palacio (coord.), Julio Zárate, México a través de los siglos, vol. III : La guerra de independencia (1808 - 1821), México D.F., Cumbre, (réimpr. 1970)
  • Vicente Rivas Palacio (coord.), Juan de Dios Arias, Enrique de Olavarría y Ferrari, México a través de los siglos, vol. IV : México independiente (1821 - 1855), México D.F., Cumbre, (réimpr. 1970)

Liens externes

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