Jeu de l'appariement des sous

Jeu de l'appariement des pièces (en anglais : Matching Pennies) est le nom d’un jeu simple utilisé dans la théorie des jeux . Il se joue entre deux joueurs, Pair et Impair. Chaque joueur a une pièce de monnaie et doit secrètement la tourner en position pile ou face. Les joueurs révèlent ensuite leurs choix simultanément. Si les pièces correspondent (les deux piles ou les deux faces), alors Pair conserve les deux pièces (le score est donc de +1 pour Pair, -1 pour Impair). Si les pièces ne correspondent pas (une pile et une face), Impair conserve les deux pièces (le score est donc de −1 pour Pair, +1 pour Impair).

Théorie

Le jeu de l'appariement des pièces est un jeu à somme nulle, car le gain ou la perte d’utilité de chaque participant est exactement compensé par les pertes ou les gains d’utilité des autres participants. Si les gains totaux des participants sont additionnés et leurs pertes totales soustraites, la somme sera égale à zéro.

Le jeu peut être présenté sous la forme d'une matrice de gains. Chaque cellule de la matrice montre les gains des deux joueurs, les gains de Pair étant listés en premier.

Pile Face
Pile +1, -1 -1, +1
Face -1, +1 +1, -1

Le jeu de l'appariement des pièces sert principalement à illustrer le concept de stratégies mixtes et la notion d'équilibre de Nash[1] .

Ce jeu n'a pas d'équilibre de Nash pour les stratégies pures puisqu'il n'y a pas de stratégie pure (pile ou face) qui soit la meilleure réponse à une meilleure réponse. En d'autres termes, il n'y a pas de paire de stratégies pures telles qu'aucun des deux joueurs ne voudrait changer si on lui disait ce que l'autre ferait. Au lieu de cela, l’équilibre de Nash unique de ce jeu repose sur des stratégies mixtes : chaque joueur choisit pile ou face avec la même probabilité[2]. De cette manière, chaque joueur rend l'autre indifférent entre le choix de pile ou face, de sorte qu'aucun des deux joueurs ne soit incité à essayer une autre stratégie.

Notes et références

  1. Robert Gibbons, Game Theory for Applied Economists, Princeton University Press, , 29–33 p. (ISBN 978-0-691-00395-5, lire en ligne)
  2. « Matching Pennies » [archive du ], GameTheory.net

Read other articles:

CharmanderTokoh PokémonIlustrasi Charmander oleh Ken Sugimori.PenampilanperdanaPokémon Red dan Blue (1996)DidesainolehAtsuko Nishida[1]Pengisi suaraBahasa Inggris:Michael HaigneyEmily Williams (Pokémon Mystery Dungeon spesial)Bahasa Jepang:Shin-ichiro Miki (milik Ash)Yūji Ueda (milik Ritchie)Daisuke Sakaguchi (Spesial PMD)InformasiSpesiesPokémon KadalJenis kelamin♂ Jantan / ♀ BetinaAsalKanto (Generasi I)KategoriApi Entri PokédexNo. 004Evolusi menjadiCharmeleon Charmander[...

1204–1261 Crusader state on the former Byzantine Empire Not to be confused with Roman Empire. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Latin Empire – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Latin EmpireImperium Constantinopolitan...

1974 science fiction novel by Ursula K. Le Guin The Dispossessed Cover of first edition (hardcover)AuthorUrsula K. Le GuinCover artistFred WinkowskiCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSeriesThe Hainish CycleGenreScience fictionPublished1974 (Harper & Row)Media typePrint (hardcover and paperback)Pages341 (first edition)AwardsLocus Award for Best Novel (1975)ISBN0-06-012563-2 (first edition, hardcover)OCLC800587Preceded byThe Word for World is Forest Followed byFour ...

This is the talk page for discussing WikiProject Baseball and anything related to its purposes and tasks. Put new text under old text. Click here to start a new topic. New to Wikipedia? Welcome! Learn to edit; get help. Assume good faith Be polite and avoid personal attacks Be welcoming to newcomers Seek dispute resolution if needed ShortcutsWT:MLBWT:BASEBALL Baseball Project‑class Baseball portalThis page is within the scope of WikiProject Baseball, a collaborative effort to improve the co...

Berikut ini adalah daftar keuskupan agung Gereja Katolik saat ini yang diurutkan menurut negara dan benua. Beberapa negara kecil, dan negara-negara dengan populasi umat Katolik yang sedikit, kurang dipayungi keusukupan yang besar dan menjadi subyek vikariat, keuskupan, ordinariat, eksarkhat apostolik, prelatur teritorial, administrasi apostolik dan prefektur apostolik (semuanya juga ada di negara-negara dengan satu keuskupan agung atau lebih). Keuskupan Agung Latin saat ini Keuskupan Wilayah ...

American professional soccer player (born 1997) Jonathan Klinsmann Klinsmann with Hertha BSC in 2017Personal informationFull name Jonathan Lee Klinsmann[1]Date of birth (1997-04-08) April 8, 1997 (age 26)[1]Place of birth Munich, GermanyHeight 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) [2]Position(s) GoalkeeperTeam informationCurrent team LA GalaxyNumber 33Youth career2005–2007 FC Blades 962008 Irvine Lasers2008–2009 Bayern Munich2010–2011 Pateadores FC Irvine2012–...

Saudi company Abdul Latif Jameel Company LtdTypePrivateFounded1945; 78 years ago (1945)FounderAbdul Latif JameelHeadquartersJeddah, Saudi ArabiaArea servedWorldwideKey peopleMohammed Abdul Latif Jameel (President & CEO)Fady M. Jameel (Deputy President & Vice Chairman, International)Hassan Jameel (Deputy President & Vice Chairman, Saudi Arabia)ServicesTransportation Passenger vehicles Commercial vehicles & equipment Logistics EngineeringManufacturingFundingLan...

2015 studio album by Leftöver CrackConstructs of the StateStudio album by Leftöver CrackReleasedNovember 27, 2015GenreCrust punk, anarcho-punk, ska punkLength36:57LabelFat Wreck Chords[1]Leftöver Crack chronology Deadline(2007) Constructs of the State(2015) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingPunknews.org link Constructs of the State is the third album by American crust punk band Leftöver Crack, released in 2015 on the Fat Wreck Chords label. It features guest app...

  提示:此条目的主题不是吉隆坡国际机场。 苏丹阿都阿兹沙國際机场梳邦國際机场Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah International AirportSubang International AirportLapangan Terbang Sultan Abdul Aziz ShahIATA:SZBICAO:WMSA概览机场类型民航所有者国库控股(马来西亚政府)營運者Subang Skypark Sdn. Bhd.服務城市 马来西亚吉隆坡離市中心约28公里地理位置 马来西亚雪兰莪州莎亚南啟用日期1965年8月30日�...

Multiplayer online battle arena mobile game MLBB redirects here. Not to be confused with MLB. 2016 video gameMobile Legends: Bang BangLogo variant from 2020 until 2023Developer(s)MoontonPublisher(s)Moonton Elex TechnologyDesigner(s)Skyhook[2]EngineUnity[3]Platform(s)Android, iOSReleaseAndroidWW: 14 July 2016 iOSWW: 9 November 2016[1]Genre(s)Multiplayer online battle arenaMode(s)Multiplayer Mobile Legends: Bang Bang (MLBB) is a mobile multiplayer online battle arena (MO...

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Lazarus. LazarusBerkas:Lazarus-screen.jpgLazarusPengembangSukarelawanRilis perdanaJanuari 2001 (2001-01)Rilis stabil1.6.2 / 13 November 2016; 7 tahun lalu (2016-11-13) Repositorigitlab.com/freepascal.org/lazarus Bahasa pemrogramanPascal, Object Pascal, Free PascalSistem operasiWindows, Linux, Mac, FreeBSD, Solaris, Android, iOSPlatformi386, x86_64, PowerPC, ARM, JVMTersedia dalamInternasionalLisensiGNU General Public License (IDE), GNU Lesser General Publi...

Corrientes UbicaciónCoordenadas 34°36′14″S 58°24′19″O / -34.60388889, -58.40527778Dirección Av. Pueyrredón 500Barrio BalvaneraComuna 3Ciudad  Ciudad de Buenos AiresDatos de la estaciónPunto kilométrico 2,8 kmAccesibilidad Inauguración 6 de diciembre de 2010 (13 años)Servicios Conexiones PueyrredónN.º de andenes 2 (lateral)N.º de vías 2Tipología SubterráneaPropietario Subterráneos de Buenos AiresOperador Metrovías S.A.Colectivos 24 26 41 61 62...

Professional financial administrator in a school or university For places in Iran, see Bursar, Iran. Office of the Bursar at Bowling Green State University A bursar (derived from bursa, Latin for purse) is a professional administrator in a school or university often with a predominantly financial role. In the United States, bursars usually hold office only at the level of higher education (two-year and four-year colleges and universities) or at private secondary schools. In Australia, the Uni...

Method for building to survive against strong winds This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Hurricane-proof building – news · newspapers · books · schola...

2000 strategy video game 2000 video gameOgre Battle Gaiden: Prince of ZenobiaDeveloper(s)SNKPublisher(s)SNKProducer(s)Kazuto KonoProgrammer(s)Kaneko MichiakiArtist(s)Eisuke OguraShinboWriter(s)Hideto KanzakiShinji GotoSeriesOgre BattlePlatform(s)Neo Geo Pocket ColorReleaseJP: June 22, 2000Genre(s)Tactical role-playingMode(s)Single-playerMultiplayer Ogre Battle Gaiden: Prince of Zenobia[a] is a 2000 real-time tactical role-playing game developed and published by SNK for the Neo Geo Poc...

r

Ten artykuł dotyczy litery alfabetu łacińskiego. Zobacz też: R jako skrót lub oznaczenie. R r Ten artykuł od 2021-03 wymaga zweryfikowania podanych informacji.Należy podać wiarygodne źródła, najlepiej w formie przypisów bibliograficznych.Część lub nawet wszystkie informacje w artykule mogą być nieprawdziwe. Jako pozbawione źródeł mogą zostać zakwestionowane i usunięte.Sprawdź w źródłach: Encyklopedia PWN • Google Books • Google Scholar...

A Fool's AdviceKartu lobiSutradara Ralph Ceder Produser Frank Fay (tak disebutkan) Ditulis olehCharles BeldenWalter DeLeonFrank Fay (cerita)PemeranSee belowPenata musikEdward WardSinematograferWilliam ReesPenyuntingW. Donn HayesPerusahaanproduksiFrank Fay ProductionsDistributorWarner Bros.Tanggal rilis 20 Februari 1932 (1932-02-20) Durasi63 menitNegara Amerika Serikat Bahasa Inggris A Fool's Advice adalah sebuah film pre-Code Amerika Serikat tahun 1932 garapan Ralph Ceder. Film ter...

Dam in Karnataka, IndiaTungabhadra DamLocation of Tungabhadra Dam in KarnatakaShow map of KarnatakaTungabhadra Dam (India)Show map of IndiaOfficial nameTungabhadra DamLocationHospet, Vijayanagara district, Karnataka, Munirabad, Koppal district, Karnataka, IndiaConstruction began1949Opening date1953Construction cost1,066,342 DollarsOwner(s)Karnataka StateOperator(s)Tungabhadra BoardDam and spillwaysType of damComposite, Spillway length (701 m)ImpoundsTungabhadra RiverH...

Takaoka Domain高岡藩under Tokugawa shogunate Japan1640–1871CapitalTakaoka jin'yaHistory • TypeDaimyō Historical eraEdo period• Established 1640• Disestablished 1871 Today part ofpart of Chiba Prefecture Takaoka Domain (高岡藩, Takaoka han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Shimōsa Province (the northern portion of modern-day Chiba Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Takaoka jin'ya in what is now the city of Narita, Chiba and town of Shi...

This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (January 2017) In dropwise condensation the condensate liquid collects in the form of countless droplets of varying diameters on the condensing surface, instead of forming a continuous film, and does not wet the solid cooling surface. The droplets develop at points of surface imperfections (pit, scratch), called nucleation sites, and gr...