Fritz Albert Lipmann

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Fritz Albert Lipmann
Fritz Albert Lipmann
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Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine ()Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
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Doctorat honoris causa de l'université d'Aix-Marseille (d) ()
Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine ()
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Doctorat honoris causa de l'université de Paris ()
National Medal of Science ()
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Fritz Albert Lipmann, né le à Königsberg (Empire allemand) et mort le à Poughkeepsie (États-Unis), est un biochimiste germano-américain.

Découvreur du coenzyme A, il a reçu le prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine de 1953 en même temps que Hans Adolf Krebs[1].

Biographie

Né en 1899 à Koenigsberg en Allemagne (aujourd'hui Kaliningrad en Russie), Fritz Albert Lipmann est le fils de Leopold Lipmann, avocat, et de Gertrud Lachmanski[2].

Entre 1917 et 1922, il étudie dans les universités de Koenigsberg, Berlin et Munich et obtient son diplôme de médecine en 1924 à Berlin. Il opte alors pour une carrière de biochimiste et fait un stage en pharmacologie à l'université d'Amsterdam avant de retourner à Koenigsberg pour continuer des études de chimie avec le Professeur Hans Meerwein. Il devient par la suite l'élève d'Otto Meyerhof à l'institut de biologie Kaiser Wilhelm à Berlin puis Heidelberg, de 1926 à 1930[2],[3].

Lipmann avec sa femme, 1953

Il épouse Elfreda M. Hall en 1931 et ont un enfant, Steven[2].

En 1933 à l'arrivée des nazis au pouvoir, du fait de ses origines juives, il doit abandonner son travail et quitter l'Allemagne avec sa famille[3].

Il mène alors son activité scientifique à la fondation Carlsberg à Copenhague, puis à l'université Cornell à New York, puis à l'hôpital général du Massachusetts entre 1939 et 1941, avant de devenir professeur de chimie biologique à la Havard Medical School à Boston, puis à l'institut Rockefeller de New York en 1957[3].

En 1953, il est lauréat du prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine (avec son compatriote Hans Adolf Krebs) « pour sa découverte du coenzyme A et de son importance dans le métabolisme intermédiaire[1] ».

Il meurt le 24 juillet 1986 à Poughkeepsie, New York[2].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ a et b (en) « for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism » in Personnel de rédaction, « The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953 », Fondation Nobel, 2010. Consulté le 8 décembre 2010
  2. ↑ a b c et d (en) Mark Nicholls, « Fritz Albert Lipmann », sur Oxford Academy
  3. ↑ a b et c Encyclopædia Universalis, « FRITZ ALBERT LIPMANN », sur Encyclopædia Universalis

Liens externes

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