Pyhän Fransiskuksen basilika

Pyhän Fransiskuksen basilika

Pyhän Fransiskuksen basilika (ital. Basilica di San Francesco d'Assisi) on fransiskaanien pääkirkko, joka sijaitsee Franciscus Assisilaisen kotikaupungissa Assisissa, Italiassa. Basilika on yhdessä muiden Assisin fransiskaanikohteiden kanssa osa Unescon maailmanperintöluetteloa.

Historia

Basilika on kaksoiskirkko, jonka rakentaminen aloitettiin pari vuotta Franciscus Assisilaisen kuoleman jälkeen. Paavi Gregorius IX asetti alemman basilikan ensimmäisen kiven 17. heinäkuuta 1228 päivän sen jälkeen, kun Franciscus oli kanonisoitu. Kaksi vuotta myöhemmin Franciscuksen ruumis tuotiin haudanryöstäjien pelossa väliaikaisesta hautapaikastaan keskeneräiseen kirkkoon. Ylemmän basilikan rakennustöiden aloitusajankohdasta ei ole varmaa tietoa, mutta ne aloitettiin todennäköisesti vuoden 1239 jälkeen. Paavi Innocentius IV vihki kummatkin kirkot käyttöön vuonna 1253.[1] Paavi Nikolaus IV nosti kirkon aseman paavilliseksi vuonna 1288.[2]

Kirkot ovat sisustettu myöhäiskeskiajan roomalaisten, umbrialaisten ja toscanalaisten mestareiden töillä. Alemmassa basilikassa on Cimabuen ja Giotton freskoja ja ylemmässä kirkossa on Giotton ja tämän seuraajien freskosarja, joka kuvaa Franciscus Assisilaisen elämää.[1]

Syyskuussa 1997 Umbrian alueella tapahtunut maanjäristys aiheutti Assisin kirkoille vahinkoa. Pyhän Fransiskuksen basilika kärsi suurimmat tuhot, kun ylemmän basilikan katto romahti osittain. Onnettomuudessa kuoli neljä ihmistä. Cimabuen ja Giotton freskot kokivat myös suurta vahinkoa.[3]

Kuvia

Lähteet

  1. a b The Basilica of St Francis and the Sacro Convento Assisi OnLine. Viitattu 12.04.2018. (englanniksi)
  2. Rowland, Ingrid D.: 'The Making of Assisi' Commonweal Magazine. 4.8.2014. Viitattu 12.04.2018.
  3. Basilica di San Francesco, Assisi sacred-destinations.com. Sacred Destinations. Viitattu 5.5.2008. (englanniksi)

Aiheesta muualla

Tämä kirkkoihin tai muihin uskonnollisiin rakennuksiin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.

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