Luna 12

Luna 12
Alkuperäinen nimi Луна-12
Tehtävätyyppi satelliitti
Kohde Kuu
Laukaisu 22. lokakuuta 1966 kello 08.38.00 UTC[1]
Baikonurin kosmodromi[1]
COSPAR ID: 1966-094A

Luna 12 (ven. Луна-12) oli ensimmäinen onnistunut neuvostoliittolainen kuvia ottanut Kuuta kiertävä luotain lokakuussa 1966. Se laukaistiin 22. lokakuuta 1966 Baikonurin avaruuskeskuksesta ja saavutti Kuun kiertoradan 25. lokakuuta, [2] toisen lähteen mukaan 26. lokakuuta.[3]

Kuuluotain kuului kuuluontainten E6LF-tuotantosarjaan[3] ja oli varustettu televisiokameralla, joka lähetti kuvia kuun pinnasta. Kuvausjärjestelmässä oli 1 100 skannausriviä ja kuvien tarkkuus oli enimmillään 15–20 metriä,[2][4] jopa 5 metrin kokoisia yksittäisiä kohteita.[4] Ensimmäiset kuvat välitettiin maahan 27. lokakuuta. Radiolähetykset Luna 12 -luotaimelta loppuivat 19. tammikuuta 1967.[2][5] Kaikkiaan lähetyksiä oli 302 kertaa. Aktiivinen toiminta-aika oli 85 päivää.[4]

Luotain kiersi Kuuta radalla, jonka inklinaatio oli 4 astetta, kiertoaika 205 minuuttia ja eksentrisyys 0,31. Radan lähin piste oli 1,08 ja kaukaisin piste 2 kertaa Kuun säteen (1 738 km) etäisyydellä Kuun keskipisteestä,[5] tai toisen lähteen tavoin: rata oli alimmillaan 100 ja korkeimmillaan 1740 kilometriä Kuun pinnasta.[4]

Luotaimen massa oli 1 620 kilogrammaa,[2] toisen lähteen mukaan luotaimen ratamassa (AMS, ISL) oli 1 148 kg.[4]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Trajectory Details NASA. Arkistoitu 8.3.2016. Viitattu 31.7.2015.
  2. ↑ a b c d Luna 12 (National Space Science Data Center NSSDC/COSPAR ID: 1966-094A) National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC), nasa.gov. Viitattu 19.7.2015. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ a b Lunyje zondy SSSR (Neuvostoliiton kuuluotaimista) astronaut.ru. Viitattu 19.7.2015. (venäjäksi)
  4. ↑ a b c d e Luna (avaruusluotaimista Luna-hakusanan kohta IV. Suuren neuvostotietosanakirjan eli Bolšaja sovetskaja entsiklopedijan (BSE) artikkelin verkkoversio) 1969—1978. dic.academic.ru. Viitattu 19.7.2015. (venäjäksi)
  5. ↑ a b Luna 12 (NSSDC ID: 1966-094A) National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC), nasa.gov. Arkistoitu 8.3.2016. Viitattu 19.7.2015. (englanniksi)

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