Elista

Элст
Элиста
lippu
lippu
vaakuna
vaakuna

Элст
Элиста

Koordinaatit: 46°19′N, 44°16′E

Valtio Venäjä
Tasavalta Kalmukia
Kaupunkipiiri Elistan kaupunkipiiri
Perustettu 1865
Kaupungiksi 1930
Nimenä Stepnoi 19441957
Hallinto
 – Pormestari Radij Burulov
Pinta-ala  ([1])
 – Kokonaispinta-ala 210 km²
Väkiluku (2010)  ([2]) 103 749
Aikavyöhyke UTC+3 (MSK)
Postinumero 358000–358015 [3]
Suuntanumero(t) +7 84722 [3]
Kalmukian tasavallan pääkaupunki









Elista (kalmukiksi Элст, Elst, ven. Эли́ста tai Элиста́, Elista) on Venäjään kuuluvan Kalmukian tasavallan pääkaupunki. Se sijaitsee Kalmukian länsiosassa.

Historia

Julkinen shakinpeluupaikka Elistassa.

Elista perustettiin vuonna 1865, mutta kaupungin kasvu alkoi varsinaisesti vasta vuodesta 1928, jolloin siitä tuli Kalmukian pääkaupunki. Nimi Elista juontuu kalmukinkielisestä sanasta elstä, joka tarkoittaa vapaasti käänettynä hiekkaista. Vuonna 1939 kaupungin asukasluku oli 17 000 ja Saksa miehitti sen toisen maailmansodan aikana 12. elokuuta 1942. Saksalaiset perääntyivät 1. tammikuuta 1943, ja Josif Stalin karkotti kalmukit alueelta. Elista sai uuden nimen Stepnoi, ja se liitettiin Stavropolin alueeseen. Vanhempi nimi otettiin uudelleen käyttöön vuonna 1957, jolloin kalmukkien sallittiin palata alueelle ja Kalmukia perustettiin uudelleen.[4]

Asukasluvun kehitys

  • 23 200 (1959)
  • 104 254 (2002)
  • 103 749 (2010)[2]

Elistan kaupunkipiirikunnan asukasluku oli vuoden 2010 väestönlaskennassa 108 289 henkeä. Heistä 103 749 asui Elistan kaupungissa ja 4 540 lähistön maaseututaajamissa.[2]

Oppilaitokset

Elistassa toimii Kalmukian valtionyliopisto.lähde?

Liikenneyhteydet

Elistan kansainvälinen lentoasema sijaitsee kaupungin ulkopuolella ja kaupungista on rautatieyhteys länteen Donin Rostoviin.lähde?

Urheilu

Elistan jalkapallojoukkue Uralan pelaa Venäjän toiseksi korkeimmalla sarjatasolla.lähde? Shakin maailmanmestaruusottelu 2006 pelattiin Elistassa.lähde?

Lähteet

  1. Elista - the capital of Kalmykia (Archive.org) Republic of Kalmykia. Arkistoitu 21.2.2017. Viitattu 21.7.2008. (englanniksi)
  2. a b c Federalnaja služba gosudarstvennoi statistiki (Venäjän federaation tilastovirasto), www.gks.ru: Vserossijskaja perepis naselenija 2010. Tom 1. Tšislennost i razmeštšenije naselenija. (Koko Venäjän kattava väestönlaskenta 2010. Osa 1. Väestön lukumäärä ja jakauma. Taulukko 11 (MS Excel-taulukko)) 2012. Moskova: ИИЦ «Статистика России». Arkistoitu 15.3.2013. Viitattu 31.3.2013. (venäjäksi)
  3. a b Elista Moi Gorod. Viitattu 21.7.2008. (venäjäksi)
  4. Christopher P. Atwood: Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, s. 165. Facts On File, 2004. ISBN 0-8160-4671-9 (englanniksi)

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