Handi keel

handi keel (ханты ясаң)
Kõneldakse Venemaal
Kokku kõnelejaid 9584
Keelesugulus uurali keeled
 soome-ugri keeled
  ugri keeled
   obiugri keeled
    handi keel
Keelekoodid
ISO 639-3 kca
Handi keelt räägitakse põhiliselt Handi-Mansi autonoomses ringkonnas Lääne-Siberis.
Handi keelt räägitakse põhiliselt Handi-Mansi autonoomses ringkonnas Lääne-Siberis.

Handi keel (varasema nimetusega ostjaki keel) on soome-ugri keel, mida kõnelevad Lääne-Siberis elavad handid.

Seda räägitakse Venemaal Handi-Mansimaal Jamali Neenetsi autonoomses piirkonnas ning Tomski oblastis Aleksandrovskoje ja Kargosoki rajoonis.

1994. aasta Salmise ja Janhuse uuringu[viide?] järgi elas Venemaal 12 000 handi keele kõnelejat. 2002. aasta rahvaloenduse andmetel elas Venemaal 13 600 handi keele oskajat,[1] kuid 2010. aasta rahvaloenduse andmetel oli neid vaid 9584.

Handi keelt peetakse ohustatud keeleks.[2]

Handi ja mansi keel kuuluvad uurali keelkonna ugri keelte obiugri rühma. Nende lähim sugulaskeel on ungari keel.

Handi keel on tuntud oma murrete rohkuse poolest. Murrete läänerühma kuuluvad Salehardi, Obi ja Irtõši murre. Idarühma kuuluvad Surguti ja Vahhi-Vasjugani murded, mis on omakorda jaotunud kolmeteistkümneks murrakuks. Lisaks on olemas põhjarühm. Kõik murded erinevad üksteisest tunduvalt nii foneetiliselt, morfoloogiliselt kui ka leksikaalselt ja seetõttu ei saa eri murrete kõnelejad üksteisest aru. Seega võiks lääne- ja ida-handi murdeid pidada erinevateks, kuid lähisuguluses olevateks keelteks.

Kirjakeel

Handi kirjakeel loodi ladina kirja alusel 1930. aastal. 1937. aastal mindi üle kirillitsale.

Handikeelsetes kirjandusteostes kasutatakse tavaliselt Kazõmi, Šurõškari või Kesk-Obi murret, trükiajakirjanduses, televisioonis ja raadios Kazõmi murret.

2012. aastal ilmus Venemaal ainult üks handikeelne raamat kogutiraažiga 300 eksemplari.[3]

Grammatika

Arvsõnad

Murre 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 100 1000
Surguti murre Әй (æj) Катҳән (katħæn) Қөӆәм (ķölæm) Ньәӆә (njælœ) Вӓт (vät) Қут (ķut) Ӆапәт (ļapæt) Ньыӆәҳ (njĩlæħ) Иръең (irjeň) Ең (jeň) Қөс (ķös) Сот (sot) Ҷӫрас, тьӫрас (ćǒras)
Šurõškari murre И, ит Кат, катн Хуӆам Няӆ, нил Вет Хут Ӆапат Нийӆ Яртъяң, ертъюң Яң, юң Хус Сот Сюрас, сёрас

Isikulised asesõnad

Allpool toodud tabelis on Surguti murde asesõnad.

Ainsus Duaal Mitmus
1. ма мин мәң
2. нӱң нын нәң
3. ӆӱв ӆин ӆәҳ

Küsisõnad

Mõned näited Surguti murde küsisõnadest.

  • мӱвәӆи – mis
  • қӫяҳи – kes
  • қӫӆнә – kuidas
  • қөт – kus
  • қунтә – millal[4]

Vaata ka

Viited

  1. "Arhiivikoopia". Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 29. märts 2012. Vaadatud 19. novembril 2011.{{netiviide}}: CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana (link)
  2. http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html
  3. "Arhiivikoopia". Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 25. mai 2013. Vaadatud 13. detsembril 2013.{{netiviide}}: CS1 hooldus: arhiivikoopia kasutusel pealkirjana (link)
  4. "Vene-handi vestmik (Surguti murre)" (PDF). Originaali (PDF) arhiivikoopia seisuga 20. jaanuar 2012. Vaadatud 18. august 2011.

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