Nord-Afrika kampanjo

La Nord-Afrika kampanjo en la Dua Mondmilito servis al Germanio kaj Italio sekurigi sian sudan flankon. Celo estis interalie konkeri britan Egiption.

La Okcidenta Dezerta Kampanjo (aŭ Dezerta Milito), okazis en la dezertoj de Egiptio kaj Libio kaj estis la ĉefa batalkampo de la Nordafrika Kampanjo. Tiu kampanjo startis en septembro 1940 pere de la Itala invado de Egiptio; la Operaco Compass, nome Brita kvintaga atako en decembro 1940, kondukis al la detruo de la Italia 10a Armeo. Benito Mussolini petis helpon al Adolf Hitler, kiu respondis per malgranda germana forto sendita al Tripolo laŭ la Direktivo 22a (11a de januaro). La Germana Afrika Korps (de Generalleutnant Erwin Rommel) estis sub teoria itala komando sed siavice itala dependo el Nazia Germanio faris ĝin la dominanta partnero. Je la Dua Batalo de Alamejno en 1942 la provo konkeri Egiption fiaskis. En 1943 la okcidentaj aliancanoj sukcesis konkeri Tunizion kaj ekiri al suda Italio.

Per la Operaco Torĉo, fortoj de Aliancanoj, sed ĉefa el Britio kaj Usono, surteriĝis en diversaj lokoj de Nordafriko, kio estis la starto de la amasa implikiĝo de usonaj trupoj en la eŭrop–nordafrika fronto de la milito. Tio utilis poste por la surteriĝo en suda Italio.

Vidu ankaŭ

Bibliografio

  • Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; et al. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO 1966]. Butler, J. R. M., ed. The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. IV (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: HMSO. ISBN 1-84574-068-8.

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