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Zhongshan Min
Zhongshan Min
中山闽语 / 中山閩語
Native to	China
Region	Zhongshan, Guangdong
Native speakers	140,000 (2005)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Min Coastal Min Eastern Min and Southern Min Zhongshan Min; ; ; ; ; ;
Early forms	Proto-Sino-Tibetan Old Chinese Proto-Min ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	None (mis)
Glottolog	zhon1238 Zhongshan Min

Min dialect islands in Zhongshan: (1) Longdu, (2) Nanlang, (3) Sanxiang

Zhongshan Min (simplified Chinese: 中山闽语; traditional Chinese: 中山閩語), known as Cunhua (村话; 村話) by its speakers,^[5] are three Min Chinese dialect islands in the Zhongshan region of the southern Chinese province of Guangdong. The Zhongshan Min people settled in the region from Fujian Province as early as the Northern Song dynasty period (1023–1031).^[5] The three dialects are:^[1]^[5]

Longdu dialect, spoken mainly in Shaxi and Dachong in the west of the prefecture,
Nanlang dialect or Dongxiang dialect, spoken mainly in Nanlang and Zhangjiabian in the east, and
Sanxiang dialect, spoken in Sanxiang in the south.

According to Nicholas Bodman, the Longdu and Nanlang dialects belong to the Eastern Min group, while the Sanxiang dialect belongs to Southern Min.^[6]^[7] All three have been heavily influenced by the Shiqi dialect, the local variety of Yue Chinese.^[8]

As the dialect with the most speakers, the Longdu dialect may be taken as the representative dialect of Zhongshan Min.^[9]

Notes

^ Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.^[2]^[3]^[4]

^ ^a ^b EBGZC 2012, p. 1532.
^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gao 2002, p. 115.
^ Bodman 1982, pp. 1–2.
^ Bodman 1985, pp. 5–6.
^ Bodman 1982, p. 3.
^ EBGZC 2012, p. 1534.

Bodman, Nicholas C. (1982). "The Namlong Dialect, a Northern Min Outlier in Zhongshan Xian and the Influence of Cantonese on its Lexicon and Phonology" (PDF). Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies. 14 (1): 1–19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-03.
Bodman, Nicholas C. (1985). "The Reflexes of Initial Nasals in Proto-Southern Min-Hingua". In Acson, Veneeta; Leed, Richard L. (eds.). For Gordon H. Fairbanks. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications. Vol. 20. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 2–20. ISBN 978-0-8248-0992-8. JSTOR 20006706.
Gao, Ran (2002). 中山閩語的聲調與閩、粵語聲調的關係 [The tones of Zhongshan Min and the relationship between Min and Yue tones]. In Ting, Pang-hsin; Chang, Song-hing (eds.). 閩語研究及其與周邊方言的關係 [The Study of Min Dialects and Its Relationship with Other Peripheral Dialects] (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. pp. 115–126. ISBN 9789622019966. OCLC 50568616.
Editorial Board of the Gazetteer of Zhongshan City, ed. (2012). 方言 [Topolects]. 中山市志 1979–2005 [Gazetteer of Zhongshan City 1979–2005] (in Chinese). Guangzhou: Guangdong People's Publishing House. pp. 1522–1559.