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Notable words in the Dalian dialect include 彪 ("foolish") and 熊 ("to cheat or deceive").
Phonology
Comparing with Mandarin on pronunciation
Contrast of Dalianian and Mandarin on pronunciation
Mandarin → Dalianian
Example
zh, ch, sh, r → z, c, s, y
retroflexes merged with alveolars, r merged with y
中國人 zhōng guó rén → zōng guó yín
d, t, n, l, z, c, s + uei, uan, uen → d, t, n, l, z, c, s + ei, an, en
removal of labiovelar glide after alveolars
對 dù(e)i → dèi
o and individualuo → e
胳膊 gē bo → gĕ be 脫 tuō → tĕ
suffix "子" → e
孩子 hái zi → hái e
w+a, ai, ei, an, en, ang, eng → v+a, ai, ei, an, en, ang, eng wu and wo don't change
晚飯 wǎn fàn → vǎn fàn
numeral "二" → àr
王二小 wáng èr xiǎo → váng àr xiǎo
瑞 → suèi 崖 → ái
瑞士 rùi shì → suèi si 泡崖 pào yá → pào ái
n+i,iang,ie,ian,iao,iu,in,ing,ü,üe → gn+i,iang,ie,ian,iao,iu,in,ing,ü,üe nu doesn't change
alveolar nasal shifted to palatal before front vowels/glides
你 nǐ → gnǐ 虐 nüè → gnüè
z, c, s+en[ən], eng[əŋ] → z, c, s+en[ɿn], eng[ɿŋ] other consonants+en, eng don't change
森 sēn[sən] → sēn[sɿn]
Syllables that don't exist in standard Mandarin
biǎng (de) (It is actually the liaison of bì(婢) yăng(养), almost always followed by an unvoiced de(的)) -【Adjective】: literally means "raised by a maidservant";【Noun】a highly derogatory term to express despise or anger toward certain individual(s).
piǎ (This Chinese character is not made out yet.) -【Verb】to ridicule sb.
Consonants
Basic consonants
b [p]
p [pʰ]
m [m]
f [f]
v [v]
d [t]
t [tʰ]
n [n]
l [l]
g [k]
k [kʰ]
h [x]
j [ʨ]
q [ʨʰ]
gn [ɲ]
x [ɕ]
z [ts]
c [tsʰ]
s [s]
Vowels
Basic vowels
a [ä]
ai [aɪ]
ao [ɑʊ]
an [an]
ang [ɑŋ]
o [ǫ]
ou [ǫʊ]
ong [ʊŋ]
e/ê [ɤ][ɛ]
ei [eɪ]
en [ən][ɿn]
eng [əŋ][ɿŋ]
i/y [i][ɿ]
iou [iǫʊ]
in [in]
ing [iŋ]
u/w [u]
uei [ueɪ]
uen [uən]
ü/yu [y]
ün [yn]
m [m]
n [n]
ng [ŋ]
Compound vowels
ia [iä]
iai [iaɪ]
iao [iɑʊ]
ian [iɛn]
iang [iɑŋ]
iong [iʊŋ]
ie [iɛ]
ua [uä]
uai [uaɪ]
uan [uan]
uang [uɔŋ]
uo [uǫ]
üan [yœ̜n]
üe [yœ̜]
Dark red color means compound vowels; ai, ei, ao, ou, an, en, in, ün, ang, ong, eng, ing are as basic vowels.
[ɿ] are apical vowels of zi, ci, si.
m, n and ng are nasal vowels of independent syllables; there are also two syllables of "hm 噷" and "hng 哼".
"瓦兒" and "碗兒" are different; "歌兒" and "根兒" are different, vowel of "根兒" is a kind of retroflex mid-central vowel.
i of "zi, ci, si" is an apical vowel. After erizing, i turns into er, such as "事兒"ser4.
The rule of i, u, ü combining with the erizational vowels is the same as the rule of those combining with the basic vowels, so the tabulation of this part is omitted.
When Tone No.1 meets another Tone No.1 or Tone No.4 meets Tone No.1, usually the previous tone turns to Tone No.5 and the next tone doesn't change, like “家家戶戶”jia'r5-jia'r1-hur6-hur4, “駕崩”jia5-beng1.[2]
When Tone No.1 meets Tone No.4, usually the previous tone doesn't change and the next tone turns to Tone No.6, like “蟋蟀”xi1-suai6 or xi3-suar, “稀碎”xi1-sei6.
When Tone No.4 meets another Tone No.4, usually the previous tone turns to Tone No.5 and the next tone turns to Tone No.6, like “畢恭畢敬”bi5-gongr1-bi5-jingr6, “客客氣氣”ke'r4-ke'r-qi5-qi6.[3]
Tone No.5 and Tone No.6 are not basic tones, but modulations.
Vocabulary
Dalianian
Dalianian
Meaning
Dalianian
Meaning
Dalianian
Meaning
Dalianian
Meaning
Dalianian
Meaning
xiĕ
extremely
cháo'r
stupid / outdated
huǐ le
Oh, no!
bái hu
extemporaneous / to blatter
zuǒ suo
to waste
làng
coxcombry
biāo
foolish
kē'r le
can't help it
guán duō'r
always
dè se
flighty
shòu'r
piquant / Cool!
bài
don't
zī shi
natty
gniàn yang
show dissatisfaction tactfully
xián hu
not very gratified / to disdain
gān jing
Great!
vā'r
low level
zhāngr chengr
capable
hǎ hu
dress down
bú lǎi xuán
understated
kāi le
expressing dissatisfaction
xuán le
too many
sá me
peep
gè yang
disgusting
cī máo'r juē dìng
rude
Grammar
According to the predicate structure analysis method of the British linguists Ricci, the Dalian dialect is the same as English and Mandarin - the sentence is generally composed of S+V+O, that is subject + predicate + object of the order, but there are special circumstances, such as the older generation of Dalian people will say "Jiǎ zóu ba! Jiǎ zóu ba! (家走吧!家走吧!)" instead of "Húi jiā ba! Húi jiā ba! (回家吧!回家吧!)". At this time, the sentence is not S+V+O, but S+O+V, that is, subject + object + predicate.
jiā means "home".
zǒu means "go".
húi means "go back to".
ba means a kind of mood which means "to persuade" or "to urge".
