Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia

Y-DNA haplogroup migration in East Asia.

The tables below provide statistics on the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups most commonly found among ethnolinguistic groups and populations from East and South-East Asia.

ST means Sino-Tibetan languages.

Main table

Population Language n C D F K[nb 1] N O1a O1b O2 P Q Others Source
Achang (Lianghe, Yunnan) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 40 5.0 0 2.5 ≥10.0 82.5 0 Shi 2005
Yang 2005
Aeta (Philippines) Austronesian 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 NO=12, S=60 Karafet 2015[1]
Aini (Xishuangbanna) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 52 11.5 0 3.8 O2a=
7.7 		40.4 0 K(xO1a,O2a,O3,P)
=34.6, F(xK)=1.9 		Wen 2004[2]
Ainu Ainu 16 12.5 87.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tajima 2004[3]
Andamanese Andamanese 37 0 73.0 5.4 0 0 2.7 5.4 10.8 0 Thangaraj 2002[4]
Balinese (Indonesia) Austronesian 551 1.8 0 1.1 0 18.1 58.8 6.9 0.4 H=3.4 Karafet 2005[5]
Borneo (Indonesia) Austronesian 86 22.1 0 2.3 0 0 9.3 20.9 36.0 0 0 H=1.2, R=2.3, S=5.8 Karafet 2010[6]
Chin (Chin State) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 19 42.1 52.6 Peng 2014[7]
South China ST, HM 384 9.6 2.1 0.5 4.4 6.8 17.4 57.8 0.3 Karafet 2005[5]
Daur Altaic (Mongolic) 39 30.8 0 0 ≥7.7 ≥5.1 20.5 25.6 0 K2a(xN1,O)=2.6
O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=2.6 		Xue 2006[8]
Deng (Zayü County) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 109 1.1 2.2 1.1 94.4 Kang 2012[9]
East Asia East Asian languages 988 19.9 4.8 1.9 6.4 5.4 16.3 33.7 R1a=2.8 Xue 2006[8]
Filipino Austronesian 50 0 0 10 0 46 38 Tajima 2004[3]
Filipino Austronesian 115 5 20 28 3 39 S=2 Scheinfeldt 2006[10]
Garo ST (Tibeto-Burman) 71 8.5 0 ≥11.3 59.2 7.0 H1a=1.4, F(xH,J2,K)=4.2
O(xO2a,O3)=4.2
K(xL,O,P)=4.2 		Reddy 2007[11]
Han (China) ST (Sinitic) 166 6.0 0.6 1.2 9.0 9.6 16.3 55.4 0.6 Karafet 2005[5]
Han (Chengdu, Sichuan) ST (Sinitic) 34 11.8 0 0 2.9 14.7 17.6 52.9 0 Xue 2006[8]
Han (Meixian, Guangdong) ST (Sinitic) 35 8.6 0 2.9 2.9 20.0 14.3 51.4 0 Xue 2006[8]
Han (Harbin, Heilongjiang) ST (Sinitic) 35 14.3 0 0 5.7 2.9 8.6 65.7 0 J=2.9 Xue 2006[8]
Han (Lanzhou, Gansu) ST (Sinitic) 30 20.0 6.7 0 6.7 6.7 3.3 36.7 0 J=10.0
R1a1=6.7
O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.3 		Xue 2006[8]
Han (Xi'an) ST (Sinitic) 34 23.53 8.82 5.88 8.82 8.82 38.24 2.94 R=2.94 Kim 2011[12]
Han (Yili, Xinjiang) ST (Sinitic) 32 6.3 3.1 9.4 0 9.4 12.5 46.9 R1a1=6.3
P(xR1a1)=3.1
Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 		Xue 2006[8]
Han (Taiwan) ST (Sinitic) 183 6.3 0.3 22.4 8.5 58.2 1.1 Tsai 2001[13]
Hani (China) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 34 17.6 0 0 11.8 0 50.0 17.6 0 Unknown(xA,C,DE,J,K)=2.9 Xue 2006[8]
Hezhe (China) Altaic (Tungusic) 45 28.9 0 0 17.8 0 6.7 44.4 0 K2a(xN1,O)=2.2 Xue 2006[8]
Hmong–Mien (China) Hmong–Mien 169 8.9 3.6 0 1.2 3.6 22.5 61.5 0 Karafet 2005[5]
Hui (Ningxia, China) Sino-Tibetan 54 1.9 R1b = 3.7; R1a = 11.1;
J = 9.3; L = 1.9 		Karafet 2001[14]
Northeast India Tibeto-Burman 173 0.6 1.2 1.7 0 86.7 0 H=2.9 Cordaux 2004[15]
East Indonesia Austronesian, Papuan 344 61.9 0 10.5 2.6 7.3 S=11,M=4 Mona 2009[16]
Japan Japanese 259 8.5 34.8 0 0 1.6 0 31.6 20.1 0 0.4 NO=2.3, I=0.4, R=0.4 Hammer 2005[17]
Japan Japanese 263 5.3 39.2 0 0.8 3.4 34.2 16.7 0.4 0 Nonaka 2007[18]
Japan Japanese 2390 C1=4.7
C2=6.1 		32.2 0.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 33.1 19.7 0 0 0 Sato 2014[19]
Japan (Kyushu) Japanese 53 7.5 25.7 0 0 3.8 0 35.8 26.4 0 0 0 Hammer 2005[17]
Japan (Tokushima) Japanese 70 12.8 25.7 0 0 7.1 0 32.9 21.4 0 0 0 Hammer 2005[17]
Japan (Tokyo) Japanese 56 36.0 3.2 18.0 Poznik et al. (2016)[20]
Japan (Kantō) Japanese 137 3.6 48.2 0 0 2.2 3.07 14.5 0.7 Nonaka 2007[18]
Western Japan Japanese 97 7.2 26.8 4.1 37.1 23.9 0 Nonaka 2007[18]
Java Austronesian 53 1.9 0 1.9 0 22.6 41.5 22.6 R1=3.8 Kayser 2002[21]
Khalkh Altaic (Mongolic) 85 56.5 3.5 2.4[22] 0 0 18.8 J=2.4, N1c=4.7
P(xR1a1)=4.7
R1a1=3.5
K(xN1c,O,P)=3.5 		Katoh 2004[23]
Korea Korean 317 9.1 0 4.1 30.3 44.5 0.6 Shin 2001[24]
Korea Korean 110 15.5 0 5.5 2.7 28.2 45.5 K(xNO)=1.8 Kim 2007[25]
Koreans (China) Korean 25 12.0 0 4.0 4.0 0 32.0 40.0 0 BT(xC,DE,J,K)=8.0 Xue 2006[8]
Koreans (Korea) Korean 43 16.3 2.3 2.3 0 30.2 39.5 P(xR1a1)=2.3
J=2.3 		Xue 2006[8]
Koreans (Seoul-Gyeonggi) Korean 110 13.6 0.9 1.8 0.9 28.2 50.9 2.7 L=0.9 Kim 2011[12]
Koreans (Gangwon) Korean 63 12.7 6.4 1.6 39.7 38.1 1.6 Kim 2011[12]
Koreans (Chungcheong) Korean 72 11.1 1.4 4.2 1.4 30.6 50 1.4 Kim 2011[12]
Koreans (Jeolla) Korean 90 13.3 3.3 4.4 1.1 33.3 43.3 L=1.1 Kim 2011[12]
Koreans (Gyeongsang) Korean 84 16.7 2.4 4.8 2.4 33.3 36.9 1.2 L=1.2
R=1.2 		Kim 2011[12]
Koreans (Jeju) Korean 87 8.1 1.2 6.9 5.8 32.2 43.7 1.2 R=1.2 Kim 2011[12]
South Korea Korean 506 12.6 1.6 0 4.5 1.8 32.4 44.3 1.4 L=0.6, R=0.4 Kim 2011[12]
South Korea Korean 706 12.9 2.5 0 3.8 3.1 33.4 42.1 1.8 R=0.1, J1=0.1 Park 2012[26]
Lhoba (Mainling County) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 61 0 20.8 0 34.6 33.8 0.8 J=0.8, R=7.7
O(xO3)=1.5 		Kang 2012[9]
Island South East Asia Austronesian 312 15.7 24.4 23.7 14.1 18.6 M1=5.4 Capelli 2001[27]
Island South East Asia Austronesian, Papuan 272 9.9 8.8 20.2 18.7 22.1 S=4, M=3 Kayser 2006[28]

Malaysia

Austronesian 50 6 6 8 0 8 32 30 M=2 Scheinfeldt 2006[10]
Manchu Sinitic, Tungusic 101 16.8 2.0 3.0 33.7 42.6 O*(xO1,O2b,O3)
=1.0, P*(xR1a)=1.0 		Katoh 2004[23]
Manchu Sinitic, Tungusic 35 25.7 2.9 2.9 14.3 2.9 14.3 37.1 0 Xue 2006[8]
Mongolia Mongolic 149 8.1 G=0.7; J=2.7 Hammer 2005[17]
Mongolia Mongolic 65 53.0 1.5 1.5 10.6 0 1.5 10.6 4.5 R1=9.1 Xue 2006[8]
Inner Mongolia Mongolic, Sinitic 45 46.7 0 4.4 13.3 0 2.2 28.9 0 Xue 2006[8]
Naga (Myanmar) Tibeto-Burman 15 100 Peng 2014[7]
Negritos (Philippines) Austronesian 64 10.8 50.8 13.8 4.6 O(xM122)=18.5, others=1.5 Heyer 2013[29]
Oroqen Tungusic 31 61.3 0 3.2 6.5 6.5 19.4 0 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=3.2 Xue 2006[8]
Qiang ST (Tibeto-Burman) 33 0 18.2 0 0 15.2 15.2 36.4 BT(xC,DE,J,K)=9.1
P(xR1a1)=6.1 		Xue 2006[8]
Sibe Tungusic 41 26.8 2.4 4.9 17.1 7.3 2.4 26.8 J=7.3
P(xR1a1)=2.4
BT(xC,DE,J,K)=2.4 		Xue 2006[8]
Sulawesi Austronesian 54 22.2 0 5.6 7.4 0 21.4 13.0 16.7 0 0 R=3.7, M=3.7, S=5.6 Karafet 2010[6]
Sumatra Austronesian 57 5.3 1.8 0.2 3.5 0 17.5 14 29.8 S=3 Kayser 2006[28]
Taiwanese aborigines Austronesian 246 0.4 0 0 0 66.3 10.6 11.0 Capelli 2001[27]
Thai Tai–Kadai 34 2.9 2.9 0 0 8.8 35.3 O(xO1,O3)=44.1 Tajima 2004[3]
Tibet ST (Tibeto-Burman) 156 2.6 51.6 0 4.5 0 0 33.9 3.2 H=1.9, R1a=1.9 Gayden 2007[30]
Tibetans (Lhasa, Tibet) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 46 8.7 41.3 4.3 0 0 0 2.2 39.1 4.3 Wen 2004[2]
Tibetans (Zhongdian, Yunnan) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 50 4.0 36.0 12.0 0 4.0 44.0 0 Wen 2004[31]
Tibetans (Yushu, Qinghai) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 92 14.1 22.8 14.1 21.7 1.1 19.6 6.5 Wen 2004[2]
Tibetans (Guide, Qinghai) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 39 2.6 48.7 5.1[32] 7.7 0 10.3 J=5.1, R1a1=2.6
P(xR1a1)=2.6 		Zhou 2008[33]
Tibetans ST (Tibeto-Burman) 35 0 42.9 0 8.6 0 0 40.0 0 R1a1=8.6 Xue 2006[8]
Tibeto-Burman ST (Tibeto-Burman) 964 8.4 18.5 5.4 17.7 3.1 6.3 38.7 Wen 2004[2]
Tujia (Hunan) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 155 15.5 1.3 12.9 9.7 3.9 53.5 1.9 Wen 2004[2]
Uyghur Altaic (Turkic) 70 7.1 1.4 7.1 8.6 1.4 0 11.4 others=63 Xue 2006[8]
Vietnamese Austroasiatic 70 4.3 2.9 0 2.9 5.7 32.9 40.0 7.1 J=2.9 Karafet 2005[5]
Yao (Bama, Guangxi) Hmong–Mien 35 17.1 2.9 0 2.9 40.0 34.3 0 K2a(xN1,O)=2.9 Xue 2006[8]
Yao (Liannan, Guangdong) Hmong–Mien 35 2.9 0 0 0 5.7 8.6 82.9 0 Xue 2006[8]
Yi (Sichuan, Yunnan) ST (Tibeto-Burman) 125 5.6 0.8 18 28.0 0.8 7.2 28.8 Wen 2004[2]
Zakhchin Altaic (Mongolic) 60 46.7 3.3 1.7[34] N1c=
3.3 		0 O2b=
3.3 		8.3 R1a1=13.3
O(xO1a,O2b,O3)
=8.3, J=1.7
P(xR1a1)=5.0
K(xN1c,O,P)=5.0 		Katoh 2004[23]
Zhuang (Yongbei) Tai–Kadai 23 8.7 4.35 4.35 17.39 30.44 17.4 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=21.704 Chen 2006[35]
Zhuang (Youjiang) Tai–Kadai 5 40 20 20 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=20 Chen 2006[35]
Zhuang (Tianlin) Tai–Kadai 22 4.55 72.73 9.1 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.64 Chen 2006[35]
Bouyei (Guibian) Tai–Kadai 4 25 25 25 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=25 Chen 2006[35]
Zhuang (Hongshuihe) Tai–Kadai 39 2.56 5.13 5.13 10.26 12.82 41.02 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=23.08 Chen 2006[35]
Zhuang (Guibei) Tai–Kadai 21 4.76 4.76 4.76 4.76 9.52 28.58 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=38.1 Chen 2006[35]
Zhuang (Yongnan) Tai–Kadai 19 5.26 10.53 21.06 42.1 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=15.79 Chen 2006[35]
Tay (Zuojiang) Tai–Kadai 15 6.67 40 20 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=33.33 Chen 2006[35]
Zhuang (Shangsi) Tai–Kadai 15 20 66.67 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=13.33 Chen 2006[35]
Nung (Dejing) Tai–Kadai 3 O*(xO1a,O2,O3)=100 Chen 2006[35]

Austronesian and Tai-Kadai

The following is a table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Austro-Tai peoples (i.e., Tai-Kadai peoples and Austronesian peoples).[36]

Ethnolinguistic group Language branch n C D
(xD1)		 D1 F(xK) M K[nb 2] O
(xO1a,
O1b1a1a,O2)		 O1a(xO1a2) O1a2 (M110/M50) O1b1a1a
(xO1b1a1a1a1a)		 O1b1a1a1a1a (M111/M88) O2
(xO2a1a1a1a1,
O2a2a1a2,
O2a2b1a1)		 O2a1a1a1a1 (M121) O2a2a1a2[broken anchor] (M7) O2a2b1
(xO2a2b1a1)		 O2a2b1a1 (M117) P (inc. Q & R)
Bolyu Austroasiatic (Pakanic) 30 3.3 3.3 10.0 10.0 3.3 23.3 30.0 6.7 10.0
Buyang (Yerong) Tai-Kadai (Kra) 16 62.5 6.3 18.8 12.5
Qau (Bijie) Tai-Kadai (Kra) 13 15.4 7.7 23.1 15.4 30.8 7.7
Blue Gelao (Longlin) Tai-Kadai (Kra) 30 3.3 13.3 60.0 16.7 3.3 3.3
Lachi Tai-Kadai (Kra) 30 3.3 3.3 13.3 13.3 16.7 6.7 10.0 3.3 6.7 23.3
Mulao (Majiang) Tai-Kadai (Kra) 30 10.0 3.3 13.3 3.3 3.3 63.3 3.3
Red Gelao (Dafang) Tai-Kadai (Kra) 31 3.2 6.5 22.6 22.6 16.1 12.9 16.1
White Gelao (Malipo) Tai-Kadai (Kra) 14 35.7 14.3 42.9 7.1
Hlai (Qi, Tongza) Tai-Kadai (Hlai) 34 35.3 32.4 29.4 2.9
Jiamao Tai-Kadai (Hlai) 27 25.9 51.9 22.2
Paha Tai-Kadai (Kra) 32 3.1 6.3 6.3 9.4 3.1 71.9
Cun Tai-Kadai (Hlai) 31 3.2 6.5 9.7 38.7 38.7 3.2
Qabiao Tai-Kadai (Kra) 25 32.0 4.0 60.0 4.0
Caolan Tai-Kadai (Central Tai) 30 10.0 10.0 53.3 3.3 20.0 3.3
Zhuang, Northern (Wuming) Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai) 22 13.6 4.6 72.7 4.6 4.6
Zhuang, Southern (Chongzuo) Tai-Kadai (Central Tai) 15 13.3 20.0 60.0 6.7
Lingao Tai-Kadai (Be) 30 3.3 16.7 26.7 13.3 3.3 10.0 26.7
E Tai-Kadai (Northern Tai) 31 3.2 3.2 9.7 16.1 6.5 54.8 3.2 3.2
Lakkia Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) 23 4.4 52.2 4.4 8.7 26.1 4.4
Kam (Sanjiang) Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) 38 21.1 5.3 10.5 39.5 10.5 2.6 10.5
Sui (Rongshui) Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) 50 8.0 10.0 18.0 44.0 20.0
Mak & Ai-Cham Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) 40 2.5 87.5 5.0 2.5 2.5
Mulam Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) 40 2.5 12.5 7.5 5.0 5.0 25.0 30.0 7.5 5.0
Maonan Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) 32 9.4 9.4 15.6 56.3 9.4
Biao Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) 34 2.9 5.9 14.7 17.7 52.9 5.9
Then Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) 30 3.3 3.3 33.3 50.0 6.7 3.3
Tanka (Lingshui) Sinitic 40 20.0 5.0 2.5 7.5 17.5 7.5 5.0 17.5 2.5 15.0
Cao Miao Tai-Kadai (Kam–Sui) 33 8.2 10.0 3.0 66.7 12.1
Amis Austronesian (Formosan) 28 7.1 42.8 17.8 7.1 21.4 3.6
Pazeh Austronesian (Formosan) 21 14.3 38.1 19.1 14.3 14.3
Siraya (Makatao) Austronesian (Formosan) 37 2.7 2.7 5.4 70.3 5.4 13.5
Thao Austronesian (Formosan) 22 4.6 81.8 4.6 9.1
Paiwan Austronesian (Formosan) 22 63.6 27.3 9.1
Atayal Austronesian (Formosan) 22 95.5 4.5
Rukai Austronesian (Formosan) 11 81.8 18.2
Puyuma Austronesian (Formosan) 11 72.7 9.1 9.1 9.1
Tsou Austronesian (Formosan) 18 88.9 5.6 5.6
Bunun Austronesian (Formosan) 17 5.9 17.6 58.8 17.6
Saisiyat Austronesian (Formosan) 11 45.5 9.1 9.1 9.1 27.3
Batak Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands) 13 11.6 19.3 23.1 15.4 23.1 7.7
Bangka Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) 13 7.7 7.7 30.8 23.1 23.1 7.7
Malay (Riau) Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) 13 7.7 7.7 7.7 38.5 7.7 23.1 7.7
Minangkabau Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) 15 6.7 20.0 20.0 13.3 20.0 20.0
Palembang Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) 11 9.1 63.6 18.2 9.1
Nias Austronesian (Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands) 12 8.3 91.7
Dayak (Kalimantan Tengah) Austronesian (Bornean) 15 6.7 26.7 20.0 20.0 6.7 6.7 13.3
Banjar Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) 15 13.3 6.7 26.7 26.7 26.7
Javanese Austronesian (Javanese) 15 26.7 26.7 20.0 13.3 13.3
Tengger Austronesian (Javanese) 12 16.7 8.3 33.3 33.3 8.3
Balinese Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) 14 28.6 14.3 7.1 28.6 14.3 7.1
Bugis Austronesian (South Sulawesi) 15 13.3 20.0 33.3 26.7 6.7
Torajan Austronesian (South Sulawesi) 15 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 6.7 33.3 6.7
Minahasa Austronesian (Philippine) 14 7.1 50.0 21.4 7.1 14.3
Makassar Austronesian (South Sulawesi) 13 23.1 30.8 15.4 7.7 23.1
Kaili Austronesian (Celebic) 15 6.7 33.3 20.0 6.7 26.7 6.7
Sasak Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) 15 13.3 13.3 26.7 6.7 20.0 20.0
Sumbawa Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) 18 16.7 83.3
Sumba Austronesian (CEMP) 14 14.3 78.6 7.1
Alor Trans–New Guinea 13 38.5 30.7 23.1 7.7
Cenderawasih
(Geelvink Bay) 		Austronesian (CEMP) 11 45.5 36.4 18.2
Cham
(Binh Dinh) 		Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) 11 9.1 90.9
Utsuls Austronesian (Malayo-Sumbawan) 31 12.9 16.1 58.1 3.2 6.5 3.2

Tibeto-Burman branch of Sino-Tibetan

The following table of Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup frequencies of Tibeto-Burman-speaking peoples of western and southwestern China is from Wen, et al. (2004).[2]

Population n C-M130 D* D1-M15 F(xK) K(xO,P1) O2 (M122) O2a2b1 (M134) O1a (M119) O1b1a1a (M95) P1 (M45)
Tibetan (Qinghai) 92 14.13 20.65 2.17 14.13 21.74 5.43 14.13 1.09 6.52
Tibetan (Tibet 1) 75 2.67 33.33 16 2.67 5.33 1.33 32 6.67
Tibetan (Tibet 2) 46 8.7 23.91 17.39 4.35 4.35 34.78 2.17 4.35
Tibetan (Diqing) 27 44.44 3.7 14.81 7.41 29.63
Tibetan (Zhongdian) 49 2.04 28.57 8.16 2.04 10.2 10.2 34.69 4.08
Bai (Dali) 61 8.2 1.64 4.92 18.03 16.39 34.43 4.92 11.48
Lisu (Fugong) 49 2.04 22.45 4.08 61.22 8.16 2.04
Nakhi 40 2.5 37.5 7.5 2.5 5
Nu 28 3.57 3.57 14.29 71.43 7.14
Pumi 47 6.38 70.21 2.13 6.38 2.13 6.38 4.26 2.13
Yi (Liangshan) 14 14.29 42.86 21.43 7.14 14.29
Yi (Shuangbai) 50 8 2 1 38 16 1 1 2 4
Yi (Butuo) 43 2.33 16.28 4.65 34.88 4.65 27.91 9.3
Aini (Xishuangbanna) 52 11.54 1.92 34.62 26.92 13.46 3.85 7.69
Bai (Xishuangbanna) 20 2 3 25 15 1
Hani (Xishuangbanna) 34 11.76 35.29 32.35 14.71 2.94 2.94
Jino 36 13.89 5.56 36.11 19.44 19.44 5.56
Lahu (Simao) 13 15.38 30.77 15.38 15.38 15.38 7.69
Lahu (Xishuangbanna) 15 6.67 2 33.33 6.67 2 13.33
Yi (Xishuangbanna) 18 11.11 5.56 33.33 27.78 16.67 5.56
Tujia (western Hunan) 68 14.71 2.94 10.29 29.41 26.47 7.35 8.82
Tujia (Yongshun) 38 5.26 2.63 23.68 39.47 10.53 15.79 2.63
Tujia (Jishou) 49 24.49 2.04 8.16 30.61 22.45 8.16 4.08

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Most likely K2a(xNO), L, M, N, Q, R, S and/or T
  2. ^ Most likely K2a(xN,O), K2b (which includes M, P, Q, R & S) and/or LT

References

  1. ^ Karafet, T., Mendez, F., Sudoyo, H. et al. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 23, 369–373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.106
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Bo Wen 2004, Analyses of Genetic Structure of Tibeto-Burman Populations Reveals Sex-Biased Admixture in Southern Tibeto-Burmans
  3. ^ a b c Atsushi Tajima; et al. (March 2, 2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics. 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. OCLC 110247689. PMID 14997363.
  4. ^ Kumarasamy Thangaraj et al 2002, Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population Archived October 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b c d e Tatiana M. Karafet 2005, Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders
  6. ^ a b Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Sean Downey, J. Stephen Lansing, Michael F. Hammer, Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 1833–1844, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq063
  7. ^ a b Peng Min-Sheng, et al. (2014) Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data. European Journal of Human Genetics volume 22, pages 1046–1050 (2014). doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.272
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