Channel 66 went on the air April 2, 1978, as WTKK ("Witnessing the King of Kings"), a Christian station owned by Manassas-based National Capital Christian Broadcasting. The station's programming consisted of local and national religious shows, though in the 1980s it broadened its format to include some classic TV series. National Capital Christian Broadcasting sold channel 66 to home shopping network ValueVision in 1994, though the seller would continue to be investigated for fraud and misrepresentations to investors. The station had the call sign WVVI under ValueVision. Paxson Communications Corporation, forerunner to Ion Media, acquired WVVI-TV and incorporated it into its Infomall TV network, broadcasting infomercials and paid programs, in 1997; these stations formed the core of the Pax network, predecessor to Ion, in 1998.
History
National Capital Christian Broadcasting ownership
In 1974, National Capital Christian Broadcasting (NCCB) began organizing to build a Christian- and family-oriented television station in Manassas, which would serve greater Washington. This required petitioning the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to allot channel 66 to Manassas.[2]
Activity accelerated in 1977, when NCCB applied for the construction permit after having channel 66 approved to operate in Manassas. Raker bought a former school and church and converted it into a television studio.[3] The FCC granted the permit on October 3, 1977,[4] and WTKK ("Witnessing the King of Kings"[5]) began broadcasting on April 2, 1978—Easter Sunday.[6] The fledgling station's finances were unsteady: within a year, it was described by program host Ken Connolly as "in a fight for life".[5] Connolly's program marked the bulk of WTKK's local programming in 1979, alongside a children's show known as Beyond the Blue and a newscast. Raker—described financially by the head of the National Association of Religious Broadcasters as a "loner" compared to other similar ventures—was able to beg for equipment and money, including a used set and studio lights belonging to Good Morning America and a lease of the abandoned Baptist church, complete with an organ and stained glass windows.[7] In 1982, the station increased its power to a full five million watts and moved its transmitter from Independent Hill to a new site in Fairfax Station;[8][9] it was off the air for three months to make the move.[10]
In 1983, channel 66 began to experiment with an increased secular programming schedule, as its all-religious lineup failed to attract viewers. With the addition of shows like The Lone Ranger, Green Acres, and Mister Ed, WTKK's ratings soared 1,000 percent from a 0.2 share to a 2.5 share in the span of a year. The station also had to hire advertising sales representatives to handle its increasing business.[9] In November 1984, National Capital Christian Broadcasting expanded by starting WTLL (channel 63, "Witnessing the Lord of Lords") in Richmond; it was able to borrow money to start the Richmond station because of a land donation made by real estate developer Cecil D. Hylton.[9] WTKK and WTLL shared some programming that was produced in Manassas, including the religious talk show Capital Life and an exercise program, Beverly Exercise.[11] However, with continued money losses among independent TV stations, NCCB sold the Richmond station to Sudbrink Broadcasting in 1986.[12]
ValueVision and Pax/Ion ownership
In 1994, WTKK was purchased by a subsidiary of ValueVision, a home shopping network, for $5.4 million.[13] ValueVision at the same time acquired two other stations: WTWS-TV in New London, Connecticut, and KRTW in Baytown, Texas.[14] On June 6, 1994, the call letters were changed to WVVI; it was one of as many as four company-owned stations.[15] After National Capital Christian Broadcasting sold channel 66, it came under state government scrutiny for its methods of attracting investors. The Commonwealth's Attorney for Prince William County solicited a Virginia State Police investigation of NCCB in November 1996 after more than a dozen investors sued the company seeking the return of their investments over misrepresentations.[16] The company filed for bankruptcy with assets of $430,000 and liabilities exceeding $9 million. Many of these investors had provided funds for expansions that never were undertaken. By 1998, a Virginia State Police agent had written in court filings that "as of this date, this investigator doesn't know how the ValueVision [sale] proceeds finally were used".[17]
Paxson Communications agreed to acquire WVVI in 1996; the deal was for a $30 million purchase price plus another $10 million if the Supreme Court of the United States upheld must carry regulations that required Washington's cable systems to air the station in their lineups.[18] Paxson closed on the deal on August 1, 1997, and replaced ValueVision's home shopping programming with its inTV infomercial service.[19] On January 13, 1998, the call letters were changed to the current WPXW in advance of the launch of the Pax network later that year.[20] The station aired Baltimore Orioles games in 2005, the first year that they shared the market with the Washington Nationals.[21] After changing its name to i: Independent Television in 2005, the network became known as Ion Television in 2007.[22]
WPXW-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 66, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal moved from its pre-transition UHF channel 43 to channel 34, using virtual channel 66.[25] WPXW-TV relocated its signal from channel 34 to channel 35 on August 2, 2019, as a result of the 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction.[26]
^ abGardner, C. Mason (March 24, 1979). "Pastors appear on program". Culpeper Star-Exponent. Culpeper, Virginia. p. 5. Retrieved November 9, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^Owen, Dean (March 26, 1982). "Manassas TV station expands its range". Potomac News. Woodbridge, Virginia. p. A1. Retrieved November 9, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^ abcHockstader, Lee (April 12, 1984). "Secular Reruns Prove Bonanza For WTKK-TV's Low Ratings: All-Religious Programming No Match for 'Lone Ranger'". The Washington Post. pp. C1, C4. ProQuest138392525.
^Durden, Douglas (November 24, 1984). "New station had start in the '70s". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Richmond, Virginia. p. B-6. Retrieved November 9, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^Durden, Douglas (January 15, 1986). "WTLL being sold; Channel 65 planned". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Richmond, Virginia. p. C-5. Retrieved November 9, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^"Changing Hands". Broadcasting & Cable. November 29, 1993. p. 86. ProQuest1016942842.
^"In Brief". Broadcasting & Cable. October 25, 1993. p. 65. ProQuest1016948278.
^Brown, Rich (September 11, 1995). "ValueVision builds war chest". Broadcasting. pp. 44–45. ProQuest1014761480.
^Smith, Leef (September 23, 1998). "Fraud Investigation of Religious Broadcasting Firm Moves Forward". The Washington Post. ProQuest408402548.
^"In Brief". Broadcasting & Cable. November 25, 1996. p. 88. ProQuest1014771169.
^"Paxson Communications acquires Washington D.C. TV station and completes sale of two Florida network affiliated TV stations" (Press release). Paxson Communications Corporation. August 1, 1997. ProQuest447008252 – via Business Wire.
^Waresh, Julie (January 9, 1998). "Pax Net stations renamed". The Palm Beach Post. West Palm Beach, Florida. p. 7D. Retrieved November 9, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^Fisher, Eric (April 12, 2005). "TV ratings remain low for Nationals". The Washington Times.
^"i Is Now ION Television". Multichannel News. January 24, 2007. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
(*) – indicates station is in one of Maryland's primary TV markets (**) – indicates station is in an out-of-state TV market, but reaches a small portion of Maryland
(*) – indicates station is in one of Virginia's primary TV markets (**) – indicates station is in an out-of-state TV market, but reaches a small portion of Virginia