Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka

Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
ශ්‍රී ලංකා පාර්ලි‌මේන්තු කථානායක
இலங்கை நாடாளுமன்ற சபாநாயகர்
Emblem of Sri Lanka
Flag of Sri Lanka
since 17 December 2024
StyleHonourable Speaker
ResidenceThe Speaker's Residence, Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte
AppointerParliament of Sri Lanka
Constituting instrumentConstitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Inaugural holderAlexander Francis Molamure
Formation7 July 1931; 93 years ago (1931-07-07)
(as Speaker of the State Council of Ceylon)
SuccessionSecond
DeputyDeputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees
SalaryLKR 822,000 annually (2016)[1][2]
Websitewww.parliament.lk
This article is part of a series on the
Politics of
Sri Lanka
Constitution
Executive
  • G. P. Saputhanthri
  • W. M. D. J. Fernando
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Related topics

The Speaker of the Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the presiding officer of the chamber. The Speaker fulfills a number of important functions in relation to the operation of the House, which is based upon the British Westminster parliamentary system. The speaker is second in the Sri Lankan presidential line of succession, after the prime minister.[3]

Origins

In 1931 under the Donoughmore Constitution the State Council of Ceylon was established and in it the first office of a Speaker of a legislative body was created as the Speaker of the State Council.

In 1947, according to the recommendations of the Soulbury Commission the State Council was dissolved and a Parliament was established in the Westminster model with an upper house, the Senate and the House of Representatives. While the head of the President of the Senate became the head of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives became the presiding officer of the House of Representatives. The office of the Speaker, as it exists now, was established in 1947, with the opening of the First Parliament of Ceylon on 4 February 1948, granting of independence and the establishment of the Dominion of Ceylon.

Duties and powers

The Speaker presides over the House's debates, determining which members may speak. The Speaker is also responsible for maintaining order during debate, and may punish members who break the rules of the House. The Speaker remains strictly non-partisan, and renounces all affiliation with his or her former political party when taking office for the duration of his term. The Speaker does not take part in debate or vote (except to break ties). Apart from duties relating to presiding over the House, the Speaker also performs administrative and procedural functions, and remains a constituency Member of Parliament (MP). The Speaker would be a chairmen of the constitutional council. The Speaker may accept the resignation of the president. The chief justice in consultation with the Speaker may determine that the president is temporarily unable to exercise, perform and discharge the powers, duties and functions and appoint the prime minister as acting president.[3]

Appointment

As per the Article 64 of the Constitution when Parliament first meets after a general election, it will elect three members to serve as the Speaker, Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees (known simply as the Deputy Speaker) and the Deputy Chairman of Committees. The Speaker would vacate his office only if he tenders his resignation to the President or ceases to be a Member of Parliament or when Parliament dissolved.[3]

Deputies

Main articles: Deputy speaker and chairman of committees of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and Deputy chairman of committees of the Parliament of Sri Lanka

The Speaker is assisted by two deputies, all of whom are elected by the House. These are Deputy Speaker and the Deputy Chairman of Committees. In the absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker or in their absence the Deputy Chairman of Committees, shall preside at sittings of Parliament. If none of them is present, a Member elected by Parliament for the sitting shall preside at the sitting of Parliament.[3]

Precedence, salary, residence and privileges

The Speaker's official residence in Kotte

The Speaker is the third highest-ranking official in Sri Lanka. At present, Speaker ranks in the order of precedence after the President and Prime Minister. From 1948 to 1971 (when the Senate was abolished) the Speaker ranked fifth in the precedence after the Governor-General, the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice and the President of the Senate. From 1971 to 1978, the Speaker ranked fourth in the precedence after the Governor-General/President, the Prime Minister and the Chief Justice. After the second amendment to the Republican Constitution in 1978, in which the Speaker was placed second in the presidential line of succession; the Speaker gained his current position in the order of precedence.[3]

In 2016, the Speaker received a salary of 68,500 Sri Lankan rupees per month and other entitlements of a Member of Parliament.[4] In addition, the Speaker can use the Speaker's Residence and entitled to transport and security arranged by the Parliamentary Secretariat. At each sitting of parliament, the Speaker (or the presiding officer) travels in to the chamber in procession, after the Sergeant-at-Arms carrying the ceremonial mace that symbolises the authority of the Parliament. Sergeant-at-Arms attends the Speaker on other occasions. The Speaker has his office in the Parliament Complex and the Secretary-General of Parliament, who is in charge of the administrative duties of Parliament reports to the Speaker.[3]

Official dress

Chamal Rajapaksa, in the Speaker's ceremonial robes, mourning rosette and full bottomed wig

On ceremonial sittings or occasions, the Speaker wears a robe of black satin damask trimmed with gold lace, a mourning rosette (also known as a 'wig bag') and frogs with full bottomed wig. On normal sitting days, the Speaker wears only the robe and rosette without the wig or in certain cases without the official dress. This practice was adopted from the official dress of the Speaker of the House of Commons.

List of speakers of Parliament

Parties

  Governors of British Ceylon   Independent   United National Party   Sri Lanka Freedom Party   Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna   National People's Power

List of Speakers of Parliament[5]
No. Name Portrait Party Tenure Head(s) of
Government 		Parliament
Speakers of the State Council of Ceylon (1931–1947)
1 Alexander Francis Molamure Non-partisan 7 July 1931 – 10 December 1934 (1931-07-07 – 1934-12-10) Graeme Thomson
Francis Graeme Tyrrell
Edward Stubbs 		1st State Council
3 years, 5 months and 3 days
2 Forester Augustus Obeyesekere Non-partisan 11 December 1934 – 7 December 1935 (1934-12-11 – 1935-12-07) Edward Stubbs
11 months and 26 days
3 Waithilingam Duraiswamy Non-partisan 17 March 1936 – 4 July 1947 (1936-03-17 – 1947-07-04) Edward Stubbs
Maxwell MacLagan Wedderburn
Andrew Caldecott
Henry Monck-Mason Moore 		2nd State Council
11 years, 3 months and 17 days
Speakers of the Parliament of Ceylon (1947–1972)
(1) Alexander Francis Molamure United National Party 14 October 1947 – 25 January 1951 (1947-10-14 – 1951-01-25) Henry Monck-Mason Moore
D. S. Senanayake 		1st
3 years, 3 months and 11 days
4 Albert Peries United National Party 13 February 1951 – 18 February 1956 (1951-02-13 – 1956-02-18) D. S. Senanayake
Dudley Senanayake
John Kotelawala 		2nd
5 years and 5 days
5 Hameed Hussain Sheikh Ismail Independent 19 April 1956 – 5 December 1959 (1956-04-19 – 1959-12-05) S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike
Wijeyananda Dahanayake 		3rd
3 years, 7 months and 16 days
6 Tikiri Banda Subasinghe Sri Lanka Freedom Party 30 March – 23 April 1960 (1960-03-30 – 1960-04-23) Dudley Senanayake 4th
24 days
7 R. S. Pelpola Sri Lanka Freedom Party 5 August 1960 – 24 January 1964 (1960-08-05 – 1964-01-24) Sirimavo Bandaranaike 5th
3 years, 5 months and 19 days
8 Hugh Fernando Sri Lanka Freedom Party 24 January – 17 December 1964 (1964-01-24 – 1964-12-17)
10 months and 23 days
(4) Albert Peries United National Party 5 April 1965 – 21 September 1967 (1965-04-05 – 1967-09-21) Dudley Senanayake 6th
2 years, 5 months and 16 days
9 Shirley Corea United National Party 27 September 1967 – 25 March 1970 (1967-09-27 – 1970-03-25)
2 years, 5 months and 26 days
10 Stanley Tillekeratne Sri Lanka Freedom Party 7 June 1970 – 22 May 1972 (1970-06-07 – 1972-05-22) Sirimavo Bandaranaike 7th
1 year, 11 months and 15 days
Speakers of the National State Assembly (1972–1978)
(10) Stanley Tillekeratne Sri Lanka Freedom Party 22 May 1972 – 18 May 1977 (1972-05-22 – 1977-05-18) Sirimavo Bandaranaike 1st
4 years, 11 months and 26 days
11 Anandatissa de Alwis United National Party 4 August 1977 – 7 September 1978 (1977-08-04 – 1978-09-07) J. R. Jayewardene 2nd
1 year, 1 month and 3 days
Speakers of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (1978–present)
(11) Anandatissa de Alwis United National Party 7–13 September 1978 (1978-09-07 – 1978-09-13) J. R. Jayewardene 8th
6 days
12 M. A. Bakeer Markar United National Party 21 September 1978 – 30 August 1983 (1978-09-21 – 1983-08-30)
4 years, 11 months and 9 days
13 E. L. Senanayake E. L. Senanayake United National Party 6 September 1983 – 20 December 1988 (1983-09-06 – 1988-12-20)
5 years, 3 months and 14 days
14 M. H. Mohamed United National Party 9 March 1989 – 24 June 1994 (1989-03-09 – 1994-06-24) Ranasinghe Premadasa
Dingiri Banda Wijetunga 		9th
5 years, 3 months and 15 days
15 K. B. Ratnayake Sri Lanka Freedom Party 25 August 1994 – 10 October 2000 (1994-08-25 – 2000-10-10) Dingiri Banda Wijetunga 10th
6 years, 1 month and 15 days Chandrika Kumaratunga
16 Anura Bandaranaike Anura Bandaranaike United National Party 18 October 2000 – 10 October 2001 (2000-10-18 – 2001-10-10) Chandrika Kumaratunga 11th
11 months and 22 days
17 Joseph Michael Perera Joseph Michael Perera United National Party 19 December 2001 – 7 February 2004 (2001-12-19 – 2004-02-07) 12th
2 years, 1 month and 19 days
18 W. J. M. Lokubandara W. J. M. Lokubandara United National Party 22 April 2004 – 8 April 2010 (2004-04-22 – 2010-04-08) Chandrika Kumaratunga
Mahinda Rajapaksa 		13th
5 years, 11 months and 17 days
19 Chamal Rajapaksa Chamal Rajapaksa Sri Lanka Freedom Party 22 April 2010 – 26 June 2015 (2010-04-22 – 2015-06-26) Mahinda Rajapaksa
Maithripala Sirisena 		14th
5 years, 2 months and 4 days
20 Karu Jayasuriya Karu Jayasuriya United National Party 1 September 2015 – 2 March 2020 (2015-09-01 – 2020-03-02) Dingiri Banda Wijetunga 15th
4 years, 6 months and 1 day Gotabaya Rajapaksa
21 Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna 20 August 2020 – 24 September 2024 (2020-08-20 – 2024-09-24) Gotabaya Rajapaksa 16th
4 years, 1 month and 4 days Ranil Wickremesinghe
22 Asoka Ranwala Asoka Ranwala National People's Power 21 November – 13 December 2024 (2024-11-21 – 2024-12-13) Anura Kumara Dissanayake 17th
22 days
23 Jagath Wickramaratne National People's Power 17 December 2024 (2024-12-17) – present
27 days

No-confidence motions

See also

References

  1. ^ Thomas, Kris (21 November 2016). "Of Ministers' Salaries And Parliamentary Perks". Roar.lk. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  2. ^ Thomas, Kavindya Chris (20 November 2016). "Do MPs get fat salaries?". Ceylontoday.lk. Ceylon Today. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
  4. ^ Of Ministers’ Salaries And Parliamentary Perks
  5. ^ "Parliament of Sri Lanka - Speakers". www.parliament.lk. 17 December 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  6. ^ "No-confidence motion against Speaker handed over".

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