Sidney Lau romanisation

Transliteration of Chinese
Mandarin
Modern Standard Mandarin
Late imperial Mandarin
Sichuanese
Wu
General Wu
Wenzhounese
Yue
Cantonese
Min
Hokkien
Teochew
Fuzhounese
Northern Min
Pu-Xian Min
Hainanese
Shao–Jiang Min
Gan
Chang-Du
Hakka
Meixian
Sixian
Xiang
Chang–Yi
Polylectal
General Chinese
See also
Other transliterations
By place
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Sidney Lau romanisation is a system of romanisation for Cantonese that was developed in the 1970s by Sidney Lau for teaching Cantonese to Hong Kong Government expatriates. It is based on the Hong Kong Government's Standard Romanisation which was the result of the work of James D. Ball and Ernst J. Eitel about a century earlier.

Innovation

Lau's romanisation indicates tonality with superscript numbers, so no diacritics are required.[1] His system was a plain attempt at simplification which proved popular with western learners of Cantonese as a second language and was initially the system of romanisation adopted by the University of Hong Kong.[2] However, the university now employs the Jyutping system for its Cantonese courses.[3]

Initials

b
/p/
巴 		p
/pʰ/
怕 		m
/m/
媽 		f
/f/
花
d
/t/
打 		t
/tʰ/
他 		n
/n/
那 		l
/l/
啦
g
/k/
家 		k
/kʰ/
卡 		ng
/ŋ/
牙 		h
/h/
蝦
gw
/kʷ/
瓜 		kw
/kʷʰ/
誇 		w
/w/
蛙
j
/ts/
渣 		ch
/tsʰ/
叉 		s
/s/
沙 		y
/j/
也

Finals

In his system, Lau treats /ɵ/ and /o/ as allophones of one phoneme represented with "u", while they are often respectively regarded as allophones of /œ:/ and /u:/ in other systems.[4]

Coda
∅ /i/ /u/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /p̚/ /t̚/ /k̚/
Vowel /aː/ a
/aː/
沙 		aai
/aːi̯/
徙 		aau
/aːu̯/
梢 		aam
/aːm/
三 		aan
/aːn/
山 		aang
/aːŋ/
坑 		aap
/aːp̚/
圾 		aat
/aːt̚/
剎 		aak
/aːk̚/
客
/ɐ/   ai
/ɐi̯/
西 		au
/ɐu̯/
收 		am
/ɐm/
心 		an
/ɐn/
新 		ang
/ɐŋ/
笙 		ap
/ɐp̚/
濕 		at
/ɐt̚/
失 		ak
/ɐk̚/
塞
/ɛː/
/e/ 		e
/ɛː/
些 		ei
/ei̯/
四 		      eng
/ɛːŋ/
鄭 		    ek
/ɛːk̚/
石
/iː/ i
/iː/
詩 		  iu
/iːu̯/
消 		im
/iːm/
閃 		in
/iːn/
先 		ing
/eŋ/
星 		ip
/iːp̚/
攝 		it
/iːt̚/
洩 		ik
/ek̚/
識
/ɔː/ oh
/ɔː/
疏 		oi
/ɔːy̯/
開 		o
/ou̯/
蘇 		  on
/ɔːn/
看 		ong
/ɔːŋ/
康 		  ot
/ɔːt̚/
喝 		ok
/ɔːk̚/
索
/uː/ oo
/uː/
夫 		ooi
/uːy̯/
灰 		    oon
/uːn/
寬 		    oot
/uːt̚/
闊 		 
/ɵ/
/ʊ/ 		  ui
/ɵy̯/
需 		    un
/ɵn/
詢 		ung
/ʊŋ/
鬆 		  ut
/ɵt̚/
摔 		uk
/ʊk̚/
叔
/œː/ euh
/œː/
靴 		        eung
/œːŋ/
商 		    euk
/œːk̚/
削
/yː/ ue
/yː/
書 		      uen
/yːn/
孫 		    uet
/yːt̚/
雪 		 
∅       m
/m̩/
唔 		  ng
/ŋ̩/
五 		     

Tones

Tone symbol Tone description Example
Romanization Word Meaning
1° or N° high flat si1° 詩 poem
ga1 je2° 家姐 elder sister
1 high falling tim1 添 final particle expressing

the idea of addition or regret.

2 or N* mid rising si2 史 history
dik1 si6* 的士 taxi
3 mid flat si3 試 try
4 low falling si4 時 time
5 low rising si5 市 city
6 low flat si6 是 is

1° indicates the high flat tone. If ° appears after any other tones, it signifies a changed tone and that the word is to be pronounced as 1°, but 1° is not the original/normal tone of the word. Similar to °, if * appears after any tones apart from tone 2, it indicates that the word is to be pronounced as tone 2, but tone 2 is not the original/normal tone of the word.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Pronunciation Guide – Initials". Sidney Lau. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  2. ^ Kataoka, Shin; Lee, Cream (2008). "A System without a System: Cantonese Romanization Used in Hong Kong Place and Personal Names". Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics. 11. Chinese University of Hong Kong.
  3. ^ "Certificate in Chinese Language courses for foreign students". School of Chinese. University of Hong Kong. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
  4. ^ "Pronunciation Guide – Finals". Sidney Lau. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  5. ^ "Pronunciation Guide – Tones". Sidney Lau. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
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